The Aims Of Writing A Literature Review Education Essay

The Aims Of Writing A Literature Review Education Essay What is review of the literature? A literature review is a write-up that aims to review the critical aspects of current knowledge on a particular topic. Its an account of what has been published on a topic by accredited scholars and researchers. Most often associated with science-oriented literature, such as a thesis, the literature review usually precedes a research proposal, methodology and results section. The purpose is to bring the reader up to date with current literature on a topic and form the basis for future research that may be needed in the area. A good literature review is characterized by: a logical flow of ideas; current and relevant references with consistent, appropriate referencing style; proper use of terminology; and an unbiased and comprehensive view of the previous research on the topic. It is not just a descriptive list of the material available, or a set of summaries. Besides enlarging your knowledge about the topic, writing a literature review lets you gain and demonstrate skills in two areas Information seeking: the ability to scan the literature efficiently, using manual or computerized methods, to identify a set of useful articles and books Critical appraisal: the ability to apply principles of analysis to identify unbiased and valid studies. A literature review must do these things Be organized around and related directly to the thesis or research question you are developing Synthesize results into a summary of what is and is not known Identify areas of controversy in the literature Formulate questions that need further research A literature review is a piece of discursive prose, not a list describing or summarizing one piece of literature after another. Its usually a bad sign to see every paragraph beginning with the name of a researcher. Instead, organize the literature review into sections that present themes or identify trends, including relevant theory. You are not trying to list all the material published, but to synthesize and evaluate it according to the guiding concept of your thesis or research question If you are writing an annotated bibliography, you may need to summarize each item briefly, but should still follow through themes and concepts and do some critical assessment of material. Use an overall introduction and conclusion to state the scope of your coverage and to formulate the question, problem, or concept your chosen material illuminates. Usually you will have the option of grouping items into sections-this helps you indicate comparisons and relationships. You may be able to write a paragraph or so to introduce the focus of each section How to do a literature search? Defining the topic In order to begin your literature review you must first define your research question. What is the purpose? What does it mean? What are the key words? Are there other words which could be used, such as synonyms, variations in spelling? What do you already know about the topic? What is the scope? Compiling a list of keywords Analyzing the topic of an essay question or research topic usually involves making a list of keywords or phrases. You will need to include all the key concepts or ideas contained within the essay or research question. It might be useful to include alternative ways of phrasing and expressing concepts and ideas. Think about both general terms and very specific terms for broadening and narrowing your search. The keyword or phrase is the basic unit of any search. You may find it helpful to consult subject dictionaries and encyclopedias, or a textbook glossary for the common terminology of the subject area. The use of an index and/or thesaurus is also advisable to establish the useful terms. Identifying Resources Information is available in a number of formats. It is important for you to understand the significance of various formats so that you know what will best suit your information requirements. Books Reference Materials Journals Conference Papers Dissertations Internet Indexes/Abstracts Printed Electronic Databases Government publications Thesis Putting tables and figures If you found the table or figure in a source, or if you developed the information in the table or figure from a source other than your own primary research, you must cite the full source just below the table or figure, and again include the full source in your list of references at the end of the thesis. Table number and headline is always mentioned on top of the table. Figure number and headline is mentioned at bottom of the figure. The source reference below the figure/table should be in a smaller font, in a bracket, in italics. Like this: Table 4: Numbers Unemployed in Co. Roscommon, 2000 2004 Electoral District Male Age range Female Age range Total (Source: Jones, D. 2004. Impact of unemployment in rural areas of Connacht 2000 2004. Dublin: Folens, p. 56.) Figure 4: Air Supply in Burma (June 1944 to April 1945) (Source: Jones, D. 2004. Environmental Concerns. Dublin: Folens, p. 56.) 2. Bibliography Formats Each citation in a bibliography has to describe a resource in enough detail that someone can go to a library (or out on the net, or to a bookstore), and see it for themselves. Imagine going to a bookshop and saying, Hi. I need that book on World War II. You know, the one that mentions Hitler? Thats why the specifics-formats, titles, authors, dates, etc.- are important. Writing the assessment: What do I need to reference? When you are writing your assessment, be sure to type in reference information as you add in the ideas of other authors. This will save you time and will ensure that you reference all sources properly. Whenever you use someone elses ideas or words, you must put in a reference. The only exception to this rule is when the information you have read somewhere is common knowledge or public domain information. For example, you would not need to include a reference if you stated in an assignment that Shakespeare wrote plays and sonnets in Elizabethan times. You must always reference the following (i) Direct quotations this is when you copy another authors material word-for-word. You should show the reader that it is a direct quote by placing the material in inverted commas. Traditionally, double inverted commas have been used () but it is now acceptable, and preferable to use single inverted commas (). Sometimes it is difficult to avoid the direct quotation as the authors words may precisely describe the point you are trying to make. However, do try to avoid the overuse of direct quotations; try to paraphrase the authors work where possible. Please note that when you use direct quotations, you must reproduce the authors words exactly, including all spelling, capitalisation, punctuation, and errors. You may show the reader that you recognise an error and that you are correctly quoting the author by placing the term sic in brackets after the error. (ii) Paraphrasing this is when you take another authors ideas and put them into your own words. You are still copying someone elses work, so you must reference it. You do not need to use inverted commas when you paraphrase, but you must clearly show the reader the original source of your information. 1. INTERNET RESOURCES In the easy-come, easy -go world of the free internet, dates and addresses are particularly important. Two dates are required: the date that the material was published or updated, and the date on which you actually used it. The address, or URL, of the site must be complete. This means including the access-mode identifier (e.g., http, ftp, gopher, telnet, news) as well as the path and file names. The address should also be enclosed in angle brackets . For an entire web site the bibliographic form is : Author or Creator of site. Title of Site. Date of site. . Date you used the site. The entry will look like this: Hsu, David. Chemicol Periodic Table. 2005. . September 6, 2007. For an article within a web site the bibliographic form is : Author of article. Title of Article. Title of Site. Date of site. . Date you used the site. The entry will look like this: U.S. Department of State. Sudan. Background Notes. March, 2007. . September 10, 2007. For online newspaper magazine articles , the bibliographic form is Author of Article. Title of Article. Title of Magazine or Newspaper. Complete date. . Date you used the site. The entry will look like this: Jamieson, Alastair. Chinas Toy Story Turns Nasty After New Recall. The Scotsman. September 6, 2007. . September 12, 2007. 2. â‚ ¬Ã‚  REGULAR BOOKS A regular book usually has just one author, and comes in just one volume. The bibliographic form is Author. Title. Place: Publisher, Date. The entry will look like this: Hammond, Jeff. Real Men Work in the Pits: A Life in NASCAR Racing. PA: Rodale, 2005. When there are two authors, the bibliographic form is First Author (last name first), and Second Author (first name first). Title. Place: Publisher, Date. The entry will look like this: Angeletti, Norberto, and Alberto Oliva. In Vogue: The Illustrated History of the Worlds Most Famous Fashion Magazine. NY: Rizzoli, 2006. When there are three or more authors, the bibliographic form is First Author (last name first), et al. Title. Place: Publisher, Date. The entry will look like this: Bos, Samone, et al. Go!: The Whole World of Transportation. NY: Dorling Kindersley, 2006. Books with an anonymous or unknown author The University Encyclopedia (1985) London: Roydon 3. COLLECTIONSâ‚ ¬Ã‚   EDITED BOOKS A collection is a book (or set of books) that contains works by many different authors-like an edited book or proceeding, an encyclopedia, an Opposing Viewpoints book, or an anthology of short stories or poems. You usually use just one or two parts of it in your paper and the bibliographic form is Author of the Part. Title of the Part. Editor (or Compiler) of the Collection. Title of the Collection. Vol. # (if present). Place: Publisher, Date. The entry will look like this: Cohen, Steve. Snowboarding. World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 17. IL: World Book, Inc., 2003. Tatum, Becky L. Studies Have Not Established a Link Between Rap Music and Youth Violence. Gerdes, Louise I., ed. Media Violence, Opposing Viewpoints. CA: Greenhaven Press, 2004. If you use several different works from the same anthology, you neednt cite each separately. The bibliographic form for citing an entire collection or anthology is: Editor (or Compiler) of the Anthology. Title of the Anthology. Vol. # (if present). Place: Publisher, Date. The entry will look like this: Nelson, Marilyn. A Wreath for Emmett Till. MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2005. 4. â‚ ¬Ã‚  NEWSPAPERSâ‚ ¬Ã‚   MAGAZINES When citing an article from a print copy of a newspaper or magazine, the most important thing to put down is the complete date. The bibliographic form is Author of Article. Title of Article.Title of Magazine or Newspaper. Complete date, Edition (if present): page number(s). The entry will look like this: Randall, Lisa. An American Physicist in Italy. Discover. July, 2007: 56. LeBlanc, Emma. Refugees Tell NH Woman Their Stories. New Hampshire Union Leader. September 10, 2007, State Edition: A1. 5. JOURNALS The conventions for listing journal articles are similar to books, but note the extra information required in the example below and apply this to all journal article listings. Muller, V. (1994) Trapped in the body: Transsexualism, the law, sexual identity, The Australian Feminist Law Journal, vol. 3, August, pp. 103-107. Journal article with both volume and issue number Muller, V. (1994) Trapped in the body: Transsexualism, the law, sexual identity, The Australian Feminist Law Journal, vol. 3, no. 2, August, pp. 103-107. 5. NON-PRINTMEDIA If the item is not print-based (like a film on DVD or VHS, an MP3 file or audio CD, or a set of slides), the bibliographic form is Producer or Director. Title. [Format] Place: Distributor, Date. The entry will look like this: Hampton, Henry. Eyes on the Prize II. [VHS] VA: PBS Video, 1993. Lansing, Alfred. Endurance: Shackletons Incredible Voyage. [MP3] OR: Blackstone Audio Books, 1991. May, Robert, and Steve James. The War Tapes. [DVD] NY: Docurama, 2007. Paschen, Elise, and Rebekah Presson Mosby. Poetry Speaks: Hear Great Poets Read Their Work from Tennyson to Plath. [CD] IL: Sourcebooks MediaFusion, 2001. 3. How to avoid plagiarism Scientific Misconduct and Plagiarism: Many people say that it is the intellect which makes a great scientist. They are wrong: it is character Albert Einstein In centuries of reading, writing, experimenting and hypothesizing, a persons work will inevitably incorporate and overlap with that of others. However, occasional overlap is one thing; systematic, unacknowledged use of the techniques, data, words or ideas of others is another. Your work has to be carried out honestly and objectively without bias and the results should be reported truthfully. Deviations may occur from the ideal due to ignorance or, at times, they may be willful deceptions. These deviations from the ideal, willful or otherwise, constitute what is known as scientific misconduct. While various types of scientific misconduct have been identified, those that comes to notice usually include fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, cyber-plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and duplicate publication. It is desired that all students should be made aware of these. This note defines plagiarism and sets guidelines. What is Plagiarism? Failure to acknowledge other colleagues scientific work-their ideas, language, or data. Verbatim copying of passages without citing the original contributor, rewording of ideas, paraphrasing, and even total reproduction by simply changing the authors names and trying to pass the material as ones own. Unauthorized use of ideas or unique methods obtained by a privileged communication, such as a grant or manuscript review. Passing off retrospective studies as prospective ones or deliberately omit references to earlier works. How Plagiarism can be detected? One of the important responsibilities of a reviewer is detection of plagiarized text due to his/her familiarity with published material in his/her area of interest. Technology has made it possible to carry out checks for sentences that are copied from previously published articles. There are dedicated web sites available that provide information on plagiarism ( www.plagiarism.org ) and software to detect plagiarism has made it easier for reviewers and editorial staff of journals to detect copying (www.ithenticate.com, www.writecheck.com and www.turnitin.com ). We have recommended to you the VIPER software. Dos and Donts of Plagiarism Some simple tips to be followed to avoid plagiarism are: Take short notes from the source and then write back in your own words without looking back at the original source. Attribute references to any information or idea you are using from other sources, even if you are not directly using it. describe all sources of information Give acknowledgments to the original source by quoting author details at the end of the statement. Give details of the original source by providing footnotes . Use quotation marks wherever required If you are paraphrasing, credit the original source For extensive quotations, obtain permission from the publisher of the original work Obtain permission for use of published drawings or other illustrations Dos and Donts of Research: DO: Make sure you know what question youre trying to answer. Look at all kinds of sources before you narrow in on the ones that will be most useful. Read and digest. Give yourself time to do this. Think critically about what youve just read and how it directly relates to the question. Evaluate what youve got, the holes in your research, and where you need to go from here. Keep a running annotated bibliography going, sorting facts by source or marking your notes with a coding system so as to remember where individual facts came from. Divide your thesis into sections before you begin researching. Make sure you devote energy and time to finding information about all the topics you want to tackle. Remember that the beginning of a thesis presents existing knowledge on a topic, whereas towards the end of a paper, you present your own thoughts. Use a variety of sources. Journals, books, e-books, newspaper and magazine articles, legitimate web sites, and course books can all be good sources, but which ones you use will depend on your topic. Talk to your professor about his or her expectations and ideas for sources. Talk to other students about their strategies for mapping out the research ahead. DONTS: Stuff so much information into your head at once that you cant remember what you learned and where you learned it from. You will lose sight of the point of the research project. Cite Wikipedia. Wikipedia is good for getting general information, but find an absolutely reliable source for your citations. Plagiarize. Learn what constitutes plagiarism and how to use sources responsibly. Dos and Donts of Internet Research The internet provides a rich resource of information and data however; there is great risk in using this all-too accessible resource. Self-regulating resources like Wikipedia and Google- or yahoo-search readily provide us with answers to just about any question we may pose. But which is it the right answer? And, is it the right answer? The very accessibility of online information makes it risky and often questionable. You need to be more vigilant of the veracity and reliability of your sources when acquiring information from the internet. To ensure that your information you have got is sound, one can do several things: Use more than one source, particularly for important things; this will give you a wider range of material from which to discern accuracy and reliability. Verify your sources and preferably cross-reference to measure out objective truth vs. bias. Try to use primary sources (original) vs. secondary or tertiary sources (original cited and open to interpretation); the closer you are to the original source, the closer you are to getting the original study.

Importance of Control in Staffords Traveling Through the Dark Essay

Importance of Control in Stafford's Traveling Through the Dark In William Stafford's "Traveling Through the Dark," the narrator encounters a dead deer on the edge of the road. He knows that the safe and proper course of action is to push the deer into the canyon, but when he finds that the doe was near giving birth before she died, he hesitates to kill the unborn fawn. Stafford's central idea in the poem revolves around the decision the narrator makes to sacrifice the deer in order to clear the road of obstacles, so that others who drive on the dark, narrow road won't have to swerve. The image of the deer evokes sympathy and compassion from the reader because the image isn't merely that of a dead animal. The second stanza describes the dead deer as the reader would expect. The narrator "stood by the heap, a doe, a recent killing; / she had stiffened already, almost cold." The lifeless deer, merely a heap of animal recently killed on the road, seems ready to be pushed into the canyon, but the next stanza reverses the image of the deer. The narrator approaches ...

A Case of Ipt

A Case of IPT 1. How and where are platelets produced in the body? Platelets are produced in the bone marrow from very large bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes. As megakaryocytes develop into giant cells, they undergo a process of fragmentation that results in the release of over 1,000 platelets per megakaryocyte. 2. Describe the role played by platelets in hemostasis. Platelets maintain the endothelial surface. Loss of circulating platelets quickly results in changes in the endothelial cells of the capillaries.These changes cause intravascular material to leak into the capillary bed. Platelets initially arrest bleeding in severed blood vessels. Platelets provide phospholipids, which acts as the catalytic surface for initiation of the coagulation process that played by platelets in hemostasis. 3. Define thrombocytopenia and list the more common causes of this condition. Thrombocytopenia is a blood disease characterized by an abnormally low number of platelets in the bloodstream. Abnormal reductions in the number of platelets are caused when abnormalities occur in any of the following three processes: decreased platelet production by the bone marrow; increased trapping of platelets by the spleen; or a more rapid than normal destruction of platelets. People with this condition easily bruise and can have episodes of excess bleeding. 4. What are the potential consequences of a low platelet count? Your blood would not clot as well in the event of an injury, and you could bleed to death without medical intervention. . What drugs have been associated with the development of thrombocytopenia? Some of the drugs associated with the development of Thrombocytopenia are Sulfonylurea drugs, Benzodiazepines like Diazepam and Anti-epileptic drugs like Carbamazepine. 6. How is thrombocytopenia treated in individuals diagnosed with the condition? The type of treatment you get would depend on the severity of the case, but some of the possible treatments are blood or platelet transfusions, steroids, immunoglobulin, and a splenectomy. . How might removal of the spleen (splenectomy) result in an increase in the number of circulating platelets? The spleen is supposed to remove antibodies from RBCs, so without the production of antibodies, the number of platelets should increase. 8. What is Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)? ITP is a bleeding disorder where blood doesn’t clot as well as it should due to a low number of platelets. Source: National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science

An Overview of Security Essay Example

An Overview of Security Essay Example An Overview of Security Essay An Overview of Security Essay Security Introduction Security is the degree of impenetrability to, or insurance from, harm. It applies to any powerless and profitable resource, for illustration, an person, remaining, group, state, or association. As noted by the Institute for Security and Open Methodologies ( ISECOM ) in the OSSTMM 3, security gives a type of insurance where a division is made between the benefits and the danger. These dividers are nonexclusively called controls, and often integrated alterations to the advantage or the menace ( Herzoq, 2014 ) . Computer security is considered to be a security that is applied to calculating devices such as smartphones, computing machines every bit good as computing machine webs such as private and public webs, including the whole Internet. The calculating security covers all the processs and mechanisms by which information, digital equipment and services are protected from unauthorised entree, alteration or devastation, and are of turning importance in line with the lifting trust on computing machine systems of most societies worldwide ( Musa, 2014 ) . Interview An interview was conducted in order to broaden the positions: What is the difference between hypertext transfer protocol and hypertext transfer protocol? Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTP ) is a convention utilized as a portion of systems disposal. When you write any web reference in your web plan, your plan goes approximately as a client, and the computing machine holding the asked for information goes approximately as a waiter. At the point when client demands for any informations from the waiter, it utilizes HTTP convention to make so. The waiter reacts once more to the client after the solicitation coatings. The reaction comes as site page which you see merely in the aftermath of composing the web reference and imperativeness Enter . Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure ( HTTPS ) is a mix of two separate conventions. It is more unafraid attack to acquire to the web. It is blend of Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTPS ) and SSL/TLS convention. It is more unafraid attack to directing entreaty to server from a client, to boot the correspondence is perfectly scrambled which implies cipher can acknowledge what you are seeking for. This kind of correspondence is utilized for acquiring to those sites where security is needed. What is the difference encryption, encoding and hashing? The intent behind encoding is to alter information with the end that it can be lawfully ( and firmly ) devoured by an alternate kind of model, e.g. dual information being sent over electronic mail, or reexamine alone characters on a site page. The aim is non to maintain informations enigma, but alternatively to vouch that it’s ready to be lawfully devoured. Encoding alterations information into an alternate organisation using a program that is openly accessible so it can without much of a stretch is turned about. It does nt compel a key as the chief thing needed to interpret it is the computation that was utilized to encode it. The motive behind encoding is to alter information to maintain it mystery from others, e.g. directing person a enigma missive that merely they ought to hold the capacity to peruse, or safely directing a war cry over the Internet. Alternatively of concentrating on easiness of usage, the aim is to vouch the information ca nt be devoured by anybody other than the planned receiver ( s ) . Encoding alterations information into an alternate agreement in such a way, to the point that merely peculiar person ( s ) can invert the alteration. It utilizes a key, which is unbroken enigma, in concurrence with the plaintext and the computation, maintaining in head the terminal end to execute the encoding operation. All things considered, the cypher text, computation, and key are all needed to come back to the plaintext. Hashing fills the demand of vouching trustiness, i.e. doing it so if something is transformed you can recognize that its changed. Actually, hashing takes subjective include and bring forth an altered length twine that has the attach toing qualities: The same information will faithfully make the same output. Different dissimilar inputs ought non present the same output. It ought non to be imaginable to travel from the output to the info. Any accommodation of a given informations ought to convey about utmost alteration to the hash. Hashing is utilized as a portion of concurrence with verification to make solid cogent evidence that a given message has non been adjusted. This is adept by taking given information, encoding it with a given key, hashing it, and after that scrambling the key with the donee s unfastened key and taging the hash with the transmitter s private key. At the point when the donee opens the message, they can so unscramble the key with their private key, which permits them to decrypt the message. They so hash the message themselves and contrast it with the hash that was marked by the transmitter. In the event that they match it is an unmodified message, sent by the right person. Why hackers are a measure in front from security? Moderate size organisations are in a tight topographic point. As their capacity to garner client information expands, so overly does the problem of guaranting that information. Besides during a period when computerized informations systematically ventures by agencies of cell phones and in the cloud, a coder s right to derive entryway to that information multiplies. Normally the concern runs speedier than attempts to set up safety. Income originates from the concern, so there is usually a race [ for security ] to remain cognizant of the concern. On the off opportunity that there is another ability to do rapid income by using a cell phone or another portable computing machine or even another type of intent of offer in the field, by and large attempts to set up safety are non quickly contemplated. How make you cover after being attacked by a hacker? Hackers are winning the conflict against today s endeavor security squads. In the twelvemonth since Target suffered a record-breaking information breach, it has become clear that the lessons learned from that onslaught have non been widely applied. At the clip of composition, 636 affirmed information ruptures have happened in 2014, a 27 % enlargement over the same period a twelvemonth ago, with outstanding exploited people, for illustration, Home Depot, ebay, Jpmorgan Chase, Dairy Queen, Goodwill and legion others. The assault surface as it exists today is non at the boundary line, yet inside the IT environment. Programmers utilised O.K. enfranchisements to works charge card taking malware on a figure of Target s purpose of-offer ( POS ) frameworks. Truth be told, as indicated by the 2014 Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report, approved makings were utilized by coders as a portion of 76 % of all system breaks. When a client s enfranchisements have been traded off, coders can trave l along the side through a system wholly undetected without triping border based find scheduling. Why the security maintain the backup outside the metropolis? A study from Pandalabs found that 30 million new malware dangers were made in 2013 – a normal of 82,000 systematically. There is no existent manner to remain cognizant of this speedy rate of malware creative activity, which is continually developing. Firewalls and against infection Markss are sufficient to halt normal dangers, nevertheless do nil to halt an attacker with legitimate enfranchisements copying a client. Rather, IT groups need to remain one phase in forepart of coders by look intoing the making usage for leery client action as a effect of stolen enfranchisements or noxious insider ( Staying one measure in front of hackers, 2014 ) . Which is the best op.system for security utilizing? There is a list of runing systems that are being widely used ; nevertheless the best operating system which is being used is one which has security focused. The one of runing systems is OpenBSD which is an unfastened beginning BSD operating system and is one which is to a great extent concerned with security. On the other manus, another operating system is EnGarde Secure Linux which is besides considered to be a unafraid platform designed for waiters. Mentions Staying one measure in front of hackers. ( 2014 ) . Retrieved 12 16, 2014, from IBM: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ibm.com/midmarket/us/en/article_security_1402.html Herzoq, P. ( 2014 ) .Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual. Retrieved 12 16, 2014, from isecom: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.isecom.org/research/osstmm.html Musa, S. ( 2014 ) .Cybersecurity: Understanding the Online Menace. Retrieved 12 16, 2014, from evollution: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.evolllution.com/opinions/cybersecurity-understanding-online-threat/

Olivers ignorance Essay Example

Olivers ignorance Essay Example Olivers ignorance Essay Olivers ignorance Essay Essay Topic: Oliver Twist In both novels the sufferings by the main female and male characters are very similar. The main female character in Oliver Twist is Olivers mother. There is little told about her except the fact that she is dying from exhaustion from the journey to the workhouse and from giving birth to Oliver. The surgeon also discovers that she is not married, the old storyno wedding ring. I see Olivers father is unknown leaving the baby to be an orphan and the absence of wedding ring may suggest a poor relationship experienced. However, in Therese Raquin, Camilles mother, Mme Raquin does not experience death but his father is of absence as well. In this case, the poor relationship experienced is by another main female character, Camilles wife Therese. Zola ends the chapter by Thereses unusual responses, She cast a vague wandering look upon this wall, without a wordwent to bed in disdainful indifference. Therese has many thoughts before going to bed with her husband, Camille. The indifference of going to bed without joy every night resembles them experiencing a poor relationship. Thereses misery is caused by lack of love which may be due to Camilles sickness. Zola describes in the last paragraph, The husband who was always trembling with fever went to bed. By constantly dealing with fever, Camille is unable to take care of his wife or to show any love to her, this may be the reason why a poor relationship exists. Compared to Oliver Twist, there are no signs of concern shown by Olivers father as well. Both males are the cause of suffering to the females in the two novels. In earlier paragraphs an image of Camille is given, his face covered with red blotches, he resembled a sickly, spoilt child arrived at man hood. This phrase emphasizes the idea of Camille being physically like a child, however his languid manner showing absence of maturity to marriage also represents his cognitive abilities like a child. In Oliver Twist, the baby is also physically and emotionally like a child, both characters are associated with a sense of ignorance and innocence to the outside world. For example, Camille is unaware of his wifes wants while Oliver is unaware of his mothers death. Both characters are unaware of the consequences that their ignorance may bring. In the endings to both openings, the authors focus on a character to leave the reader with a feeling that something undesirable is going to happen. For example in Therese Raquin, Zola uses Therese, She remained there a few minutes facing the black wall, which ascends and stretched above the arcade. As Therese watches the black wall full of thoughts, by having the wall stretched and ascending, it represents her thoughts growing as well which may lead to consequences. In Oliver Twist, Dickens uses Oliver, If he could have known that he was an orphanperhaps he would have cried the louder. This is an example of Olivers ignorance. He is ignorant to the fact that he is an orphan but automatically, this makes the reader think that he will find out soon, therefore a sense of mystery is imposed on the readers.  The introductory chapters have started to unfold part of the story, hinting what is to come by introducing the main characters unfortunate living standards. This idea is effective because usually readers will associate a more joyous life with better living standards. By constantly emphasizing other elements such as poor living conditions the author succeeds in imposing this perspective.

Comparación entre la visa K-3 y green card

Comparacià ³n entre la visa K-3 y green card Si eres un ciudadano americano y ests casado con un extranjero que se encuentra fuera de EEUU puedes reclamarlo con una K-3 o con una tarjeta de residencia,  ¿quà © es mejor? Si te has casado y no sabes cul es el camino ms rpido y conveniente para que tu esposo/a venga a los Estados Unidos a vivir contigo como residente permanente legal lee esta comparativa antes de decidir quà © hacer. Elementos comunes a la K-3 y a la solicitud de la tarjeta de residencia para un esposo mediante el formulario I-130 En ambos casos tà º, el ciudadano americano, tienes que enviar la solicitud al Servicio de Ciudadanà ­a e Inmigracià ³n (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Si la aprueba, contactar directamente con el consulado correspondiente.El consulado citar a tu esposo/a para una entrevista y ser el oficial consular el que decida si aprueba la solicitud de visa K-3 o de la tarjeta de residencia, segà ºn la peticià ³n que tà º le presentaste al USCIS. Quà © pasa si solicitas una K-3 para tu cà ³nyuge La K-3 una visa que permite al esposo/a de un ciudadano americano entrar en Estados Unidos. Una vez aquà ­ deber realizar un ajuste de estatus para conseguir la greencard.  A consecuencia de ello hay que dedicar unos seis meses a esta tramitacià ³n. Quà © pasa si solicitas una tarjeta de residencia Si en la entrevista el oficial consular aprueba la peticià ³n, entonces tu cà ³nyuge recibir una visa de inmigrante para entrar en Estados Unidos. Cuando llega a la frontera y le sellan el pasaporte se convierte en residente permanente legal. Y en unos meses recibir por correo ordinario la tarjeta de residencia. (pero residente es desde el momento en que entra a Estados Unidos).  ¿Cul es la ventaja y desventaja de la K-3 sobre la peticià ³n del permiso de residencia? Hubo un tiempo en el que las K-3 se tramitaban de una manera ms rpida y por eso habà ­a quien las preferà ­a para acortar el tiempo en el que los esposos permanecà ­an separados. Sin embargo,  hoy en dà ­a esto ya no es asà ­. El tiempo de demora de las tarjetas de residencia para los esposos de los ciudadanos que se encuentran en otro paà ­s varà ­a entre los seis meses y el aà ±o, en la mayorà ­a de los casos. Depende en gran medida de la oficina del USCIS que tramite la peticià ³n y del consulado en el que tiene lugar la entrevista. Otra desventaja de la K-3 que puede afectar a algunas parejas es que la entrevista consular ha de realizarse en el paà ­s en el que se celebrà ³ la boda (excepto si es Estados Unidos, en cuyo caso tendr lugar en el consulado del paà ­s en el que viva el novio extranjero). Por ejemplo, si una pareja donde la novia es de Estados Unidos y el novio de Colombia deciden casarse en Parà ­s durante un viaje romntico, tienen que saber que la entrevista para el visado no va a tener lugar en ningà ºn consulado colombiano, sino en uno francà ©s. Asà ­ que habrà ­a que viajar a otro paà ­s, con el consiguiente gasto.  ¿Cul es la ventaja de pedir directamente la tarjeta de residencia? Que el cà ³nyuge extranjero se convierte en residente nada ms pisar suelo de los Estados Unidos y ser procesado por un oficial de Inmigracià ³n en la aduana. No es necesario realizar un ajuste de estatus. Y como el tiempo de tramitacià ³n se ha reducido y se asemeja al de las visas K-3, realmente la opcià ³n ms ventajosa en la mayorà ­a de los casos es la de reclamar una tarjeta de residencia para el cà ³nyuge extranjero. A tener en cuenta Tanto en los casos de visas K-3 como de peticiones de tarjetas de residencia, la greencard ser condicional por dos aà ±os si los esposos llevan menos de dos aà ±os casados. Toma este test de respuestas mà ºltiples sobre la tarjeta de residencia.  ¡Te ayudar a evitar cometer errores! Documentos para realizar las peticiones En ambos casos necesitas rellenar la planilla (forma) I-130. Una vez que es aprobada por el USCIS (te lo notificar con un documento conocido como I-797), si deseas seguir el camino de la visa K-3 debers rellenar el formulario I-129F, incluir una copia del I-797 y enviarlo a la oficina de Dallas del USCIS.

Tort reform for the health insurance industry Essay

Tort reform for the health insurance industry - Essay Example Thus it is up to the US government to play a very significant role in bringing such costs under their control, so that it becomes easily affordable for all the citizens in the US. (www.aaos.org) The Tort reform is a law that has been created by the US government, which is aimed at reducing the proceedings of the court. Ever since its introduction the Tort reform in the medical insurance field, it has been a matter of debate for most of the people in the US. The Tort reform has been especially introduced into the healthcare sector, with an idea of looking up into the issues relating to the malpractices, that often occur in the medical field and also the lawsuits that are being filed in this sector. This results in an increase in the cost of the insurance providers. (www.aaos.org) As a result of these hidden factors the parties involved in the insurance coverage, which includes the insured as well as the insurance provider often gets exploited by such undue costs. It is with this aim t hat the US government has brought about the Tort reform, so as to ensure that the interests of both the parties are safeguarded and at the same time justice is meted out to them in the medical field. ... (www.allbusiness.com) Hence due to threat of medical liability reform, the doctors across the US have become very much conscious about their liabilities when treating patients. But though the insurance costs are on the increase in the US and individuals are being made to pay more for their healthcare insurance, still the Tort reform has made it possible for safeguarding the US citizens from getting unduly exploited by the medical professionals and get insurance protection. (www.aaos.org) Areas that require Tort Reform The area that requires a major Tort reform is the agricultural sector in which, the farmers and the families who are involved in agricultural activities are totally exposed to high risks. There have been many cases of fatalities and serious injuries which have made the agricultural community to force the US government to go forward with Tort reforms, which will ensure the safety and the financial help through insurance, in case of accidents during the course of farming. Statistics also point to the fact of the urgent need for Tort reforms in this sector, since the number of accidents and fatalities are ever on the increase in this particular field. (www.aaos.org) Tort reforms are also very much required to bring about reforms to the various industries and the business establishments that are spread across the US. This will ensure a sort of liability of all those involved and will also simultaneously safeguard the various industries and business firms. This will give them more power which will help them to increase their business and also give them a feeling of security as well as confidence. This will make them to do business under a free and fair business atmosphere. Thus the Tort reforms are very much needed in these sectors, since it