Stress on Police Officers Essay - 1379 Words

THE EFFECTS OF STRESS ON POLICE OFFICERS Not much good news here. The following is the text of a speech give by Dan Goldfarb to a group of union delegates on the impact stress can have on their men. There has been a lot of research on the negative effects of stress on people in general. I am sure you know that police work is one of the top rated professions for job stress next to air traffic controllers and dentists. A good way to start this presentation, I think, is to give a good working definition of police stress I have seen the following definition around enough to realize that many who are reading this are already familiar with this excellent definition. What I like about the following definition is that it is not just†¦show more content†¦Politicians continue to pander to the public with new laws and restrictions for police officers that further tie their hands, and YOU CANT CHOKE ANYONE WITH YOUR HANDS TIED! So you start to feel that youre choking yourself. If we take a quick overview of police work and look at the research of what the biggest stressors are, we find: * Killing someone in the line of duty. * Having you partner killed in the line of duty. * Lack of support by the department/bosses. * Shiftwork and disruption of family time/family rituals. * The daily grind of dealing with the stupidity of the public, or the asshole factor. Interestingly, physical danger is ranked low on the list of stressors by police officers! One of the worst effects of stress on police officers is of course suicide. We are becoming all too familiar with police suicide especially with the attention the media has given New York City. Twice as many police officers die by their own hand as do in the line of duty! A study of 2376 Buffalo NY police officers found that compared to the white male population police officers had higher mortality rates for cancer, suicide, and heart disease. The suggested reason: Higher stress levels. What is going on? Every study done points to the higher levels of stress police officers face, but what form does that stress take? With suicide there seem to be four factors: 1. Divorce. 2.Alcohol - not alcoholism. That wasShow MoreRelatedEssay on Police Officers and Work Related Stress1643 Words   |  7 PagesStress is a term used by many, is somewhat misunderstood, and often used to describe a negative condition or emotional state. People experience various forms of stress at home, work, in social settings, and when engaged in activities to simply have fun, such as playing sports. Police officers experience stress the same as others, but also in ways much different than the average citizen. The dangers, violence, and tragedy seen by officers result in added levels of stress not experienced by the generalRead MoreThe Causes of Stress Among Police Officers Essay example988 Words   |  4 PagesThis aptly applies to police officers who face unexpected and potentially dangerous situations every day. Police officers are confronted with destructive and negative behavior on a regular basis. Law enforcement is one of the most stressful and demanding profes sions in the United States. Characteristics of police work are stressful because a situation can change at any time. An FBI report shows that approximately twelve out of every one hundred or 60,000 police officers are assaulted each yearRead MoreThe Importance Of Job Related Stress Among Police Officers1121 Words   |  5 Pages As a police commander or administrator, addressing the concerns of the officers in your employ, is one of the most important duties that you have. This is especially true when addressing the issues of job related stress. Studies have shown that many police officers perceive the most stress, which they experience, originates from within the department. The studies have also shown that job related stress is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease in police officers (Vicini, 2013). With theseRead MoreThe Stress That Each Police Officer Is Enduring While On Duty And How It Affects Their Personal Life825 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 11 and focusing on th e stress that each police officer is enduring while on duty and how it affects their personal life during and after their police career. There are multiple different tables and figures in Chapter 11. The first Figure is listed on page 380, talks about quid pro quo harassment. That usually occurs in a workplace and involved sexual act. When one individual is forced to engage into sexual contact in fear of losing their job or other consequences. Figure 11.2 on page 381Read MorePolice Officers Are Known As The Super Heroes Of The World.1376 Words   |  6 PagesPolice officers are known as the super heroes of the world. Police officers settle disputes, protect the community, and are looked up to as being a safe person to go to; that has all changed in the last couple of years. In the last couple of years, police officers have been the bad guys. They have been accused of being racists and abusing control in the work force. News and other media have had its fair share of reporting case of police officers being the bad guys. Not only are these problems inRead MoreLaw Enforcement and Police Stress Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesPolice Stress As crime coexists with humanity, the presence of the police force ensures the suppression of crime and the safety for our society. Every occupation has its own work stress. What is unique is all the different stress found in one job. Aside from the heroic services police officers perform in their duty, they experience overwhelming stress in their daily duty. Police stress refers to the negative pressures related to police work (Police Stress, n.d.). In order to maintain peace and orderRead MoreImplications Of Stress. Stress, One Of The Most Common1368 Words   |  6 PagesImplications of Stress Stress, one of the most common occurrences in an individual’s life. A definition used to describe stress is â€Å"a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances† (Oxford Dictionary, 2017). In the field of law enforcement, police officers undergo adverse and demanding circumstances each day. The job requirements of a police officer are considered to be ambiguous. During a twelve hour shift an officer maybe more of a social workerRead MoreThe Role Of Occupational Stress And The Stress1294 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Research as well as public perception has determined that police work is one the most stressful professions in the United States. This work will explore the influences of such occupational stress and the stress felt by the officer’s family members. Furthermore, this paper will attempt to address the question if there are significant differences due to gender. In other words, is there a different stress level felt when you are husband or wife of a First Responder. Finally, this work willRead More The Career of a Police Officer Essay739 Words   |  3 PagesThe Career of a Police Officer With many people going to school to become police officers it is important to know exactly what the job is about and the effects it has on a person. Many people think it is just sitting in your car and giving speeding tickets. In fact there are many life threatening things that occur while a person is on the job many of which can cause a severe amount of stress. Stress on the job can cause a person to become severely depressed and cause ones home life to fallRead More Police Trauma and Addictions Essay1116 Words   |  5 Pages Police Trauma and Addictions Tabel of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Substance Use and Abuse†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Alcohol Abuse Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Trauma Strass Interventions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 A study of 852 police officers found that nearly 50 percent of male and 40 percent of female officers consumed excessive amounts of alcohol. Excessive amounts of alcohol is

U.s. Immigration Today s Economic Stability - 1436 Words

Shawn Carpenter Professor Chapman English 1B 3 March 2016 Immigration Today â€Å"I will build a great wall- and nobody builds walls better than me, believe me- and I’ll build them very inexpensively on our southern border, and I will make Mexico pay for that wall. Mark my words†-Donald Trump. Whether the United States builds a wall, deports hundreds of thousands of illegal immigrants, or does nothing about it, the so called â€Å"uncontrollable problem† of immigration is still present today. America, for the past 100 years, has been faced with this dilemma that immigrants come and pursue the American dream but some doing it illegally. Not only has that been an added contribution to the issue of America’s economic stability but also how America is seen as a nation. Immigration, now more than ever, has become a national crisis that needs to be taken care of immediately. National security in America has taken a major turn since the most horrific attack on American soil†¦9/11. All Americans young and old have the tragic memory o r knowledge in the back of their mind because they feel like we have lost our safety. Although many measures have been taken into consideration about the safety on transportation as well as cities most still feel unsafe. Years later the National security has grown but problems on immigration and identity still arise daily. Obama recently stated that, â€Å"When I took office, I committed to fixing this broken immigration system. And I began by doing what I could toShow MoreRelatedIn Regards To The Daca And Dapa Programs, President Obama1517 Words   |  7 Pagesspoke about the U.S being a â€Å"nation of immigrants†, referencing the country’s long history of immigration. In her book, Small Strangers, historian Melissa R. Klapper maintains that U.S. history is a story of foreign-born youth and children of immigrants. She says: â€Å"As both real people and symbols, turn-of-the-century immigrant children played a vital role [in the] unprecedented productivity and eco nomic growth of their country.† Immigrant youth have been uniquely affected by immigration policies in theRead MoreIllegal Immigration1356 Words   |  6 Pagestopics in the United States is immigration. The founders of the United States were immigrants themselves, heroes that believed in equality and acceptance for all people. Immigration has and will always be a vital part of our nation’s diversity, economic stability, and rich culture. Although, in a post 9-11 world, should security trump diversity? Should we have to choose between being safe and being amiable? Currently we have one of the most relaxed systems of legal immigration in the world, letting inRead MoreSocial Studies Grade 8 : Immigration Research Project1677 Words   |  7 Pages Social Studies Grade 8 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH PROJECT Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free. This is the quote on the Statue of Liberty, which greets hundreds of immigrants as they come into the United States. Many people have made the long, tiring journey from their home country to ours, and they still do today. People immigrate, but what does the word immigrate even mean? To immigrate is to leave one s country to come leave in another. AsRead MoreMexican Immigration And The United States1676 Words   |  7 PagesMexican immigration to the United States began in the 1900’s, characterized as a series of waves that reflected the labor demands in the U.S and political and economic unrest in Mexico. (Citation pending) AND IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE POINT OF THIS PAPER IT IS IMPORTANT TO FIRST GET FAMILIAR WITH LABOR, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF MEXICANS IN THE U.S. The first occurring prior to World War II, where the immigrated population rose from 221,915 in 1910 to 641,462 in 1930, acco rding to the 1933Read MoreThe Border On Our Backs And Se Habla Entitlement, By Star Parker1031 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history, illegal immigrants have experienced judgments and challenges in America. In â€Å"The Border on Our Backs,† by Roberto Rodriguez, and in â€Å"Se Habla Entitlement,† by Star Parker, the two authors both address immigration and hold angry attitudes towards aspects of how it is handled even though the reason for their anger is very different. Rodriguez, an immigrant, uses a personal approach taking it to a more personal level unlike Parker, born into a minority family, who uses actual factsRead MoreImmigration Reform : Legal Or Illegal1520 Words   |  7 PagesImmigration Reform: Legal or Illegal Vigorous debates about immigration policy have been part of U.S. history since the first settlers began arriving from Europe (Novas, 1994; Kessler, 2001; Reichman, 2006). Those who favor more stringent restrictions on entry to the country, and greater penalties for violating those restrictions, argue that it is necessary for the safety and economic security of our nation and to preserve jobs for U.S. born workers (Camarota, 2011). Those who favor more leniencyRead More Economic Effects of Immigration Essay3505 Words   |  15 PagesThe most avidly debated effects of immigration involve the United States’ economy and labor force. It is estimated that there are 12 million undocumented immigrants in the United States today, and their impact on the economy can be perceived as positive as well as negative. The overall effect is unclear, and this essay will present both sides of the debate. Many economic factors have been influenced by an increasing number of immigrants that have entered our country. Population growth has hadRead MoreThe Principal Agent System1623 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment’s delegation of power allows employers to threaten deportation at their own discretion. The INA (Immigration and Nationality Act) was formed in 1952, and has since been amended multiple times over the ensuing decades, but remains the most collected and representative body of American immigration law. In 1986 the IRCA (the Immigration Reform and Control Act) and the IMFA (the Immigration Marriage Fraud Amendments Act of 1986) were passed from legislation to law. These laws collectively servedRead MoreThe European Union Essay1655 Words   |  7 Pageswant to be able to expand without the EU’s assistance but profound consequences awaits. Society should be against Britain’s exit because it will change immigration reforms, plummet trade agreements, lead to the crash of the euro currency, and for more other reasons. The European Union was created mainly to bring political strength, economical stability, and unity to Europe (Wilkinson). The idea arose after WWII when leaders realized it was much easier getting the goods and services needed to rebuildRead MoreUnited States Southern Command ( Southcom ) Essay930 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) has been working to build regional and interagency partnerships to ensure the continued stability of the Western Hemisphere and the forward defense of the U.S. homeland for more than fifty years. U.S. Southern Command is responsible to the Secretary of Defense and the President of the United States for national security interests through roughly one half of this hemisphere – 31 countries, 16 dependencies and areas of special sovereignty, and approximately

Walmart Facts Sheet Business Research Buss4 Aqa Free Essays

———————– – Walmart was constructed into a 3 product divisional structure. The successful world retailers business categories include Wal-Mart Stores (U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Walmart Facts Sheet Business Research Buss4 Aqa or any similar topic only for you Order Now ), Sam’s Club (U. S. ), and International stores. – Works well as each division is open to focus its efforts on specific goals such as product, service or customers – Walmart as an organisation have their own display of ‘Culture’ (also featured on the company website in detail), claiming 3 basic beliefs and integrity in order to deliver a favourable workplace for employees and service to customers; 1. Service to customers, 2. Respect for the individual, 3. Striving for excellence – 2000 saw a big change for Walmart; introduction of new CEO H. Lee Scott saw massive development and growth for the company, where revenue rocketed to $165bn, an indication that changes implemented by the new CEO were beneficial for the company. These included alterations to the culture of the business, including: †¢ Open Door Policy  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Managers’ doors are open to employees at all levels †¢ Sundown Rule  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Answering employee, customer, and supplier questions on the same day the questions are received †¢ 10-Foot Rule  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Making eye contact, greeting, and offering help to customers who come within 10 feet – Their mission statement, â€Å"We save people money so they can live better†, and logo/symbol/slogan all coincide in order to connotate better living associate this, with Walmart themselves Name: Walmart, previously known as ‘Walton’s Five and Dime store’ – 1945-1962 – Sam Walton, a former department store employee, purchased a branch of the Ben Franklin stores – aiming to sell products at lower prices for a higher sales volume, despite a lower profit margin – 1962 – expanded to 24 stores across Arkansas (US ), reaching $12. m in sales, business continued to grow in US – 2000 – H. Lee Scott became CEO President of Walmart, saw sales increase to $165bn – 2005, $312. 4  bn in sales, more than 6,200 facilities around the world  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ including 3,800 stores in the United States and 2,800 elsewhere – Walmart have now become an international business, making $446bn revenue in 2012, with the aid of 2. 2million employees. How to cite Walmart Facts Sheet Business Research Buss4 Aqa, Essays

Essay about the Corporation Law

Question: Write an essay about the Corporation Law. Answer: The Corporations Act, 2001 is a commonwealth law, but due to many constitutional difficulties, the Act became a combination of territory, state and commonwealth legislation. The source of law that is important for understanding Australian company law is common law and the terms are often used interchangeably[1]. The Australian Securities Exchange (ASX), earlier that known as Australian Stock Exchange, played a very vital role in the regulation of the laws and rules in the area of Australian Companies. However, due to major changes the responsibility was shifted to Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC)[2]. The ASX shall continue to play a major role in the listing of exchange and securities. Other regulators who are responsible for overlooking the operations of companies are their directors, officers and the Reserve Bank of Australia. This essay shall discuss about the duties of directors of companies and it shall also discuss about the implications of contravention of duties of the directors[3]. In Australia, the period between 2009 till 2011 was very turbulent and an important year for the directors and their officers. In consonance with the influence of overseas and the robustness of economy in Australia, there occurred a large number of corporate collapses. Some of the corporate collapses were high profile in nature while some were of minor importance[4]. As a result of increased disturbances in media and elsewhere, a need for further legislation was required and many policies pertaining to companies and their directors were incorporated. The duties and responsibilities of the directors is an origination of not only the Act, but also from the common law[5]. Common law is a body of precedents containing cases that have been decided in Australia and in other jurisdictions. The directors and officers need to be aware of the rules and their obligations as officers or directors of the companies. Therefore, the Corporations Act, 2001 containing a detailed discussion of the righ ts and liabilities of the duties of the directors[6]. The duties of the directors are almost same in proprietary companies and public companies. The roles and responsibilities continue to be the same; the only difference lies in their applicability of their role depending on the nature and working of their business. The basic roles and responsibilities continue to remain the same. The common law duties of directors include duty to act bona fife. This means directors should act in good faith and in the advantage of their company and not for personal gain[7]. Often directors fail to recognize the needs and requirements of the company and they act in favor of their personal interest. Directors are supposed to act in good faith and their decisions should be in favor of the interests of the company rather than their personal gain or advantage. Directors of the companies should not act for a wrong or improper purpose. This means that directors should not misuse their power for improper or wrong reason. Directors of the company are endowed with huge powers and responsibilities. The directors should not misuse their powers in a way that gives them personal benefit. If directors begin misusing their powers for their personal advantage then the voting powers of the existing shareholder shall reduce. Inclusion of such a duty was for promotion of the interests of the company and not for promotion of personal interests of the director. Another common law duty of directors is that they have the duty of care and diligence, meaning that directors have the duty to be informed about the financial affairs of the company including the solvency of the company. This duty of the director is not diminished by delegation of their responsibility. They are required to be informed about the decisions that are taken in their behalf or in their absence. Hence, it is the duty of the directors to avoid conflicts of interest, directors are known for having fiduciary duties[8]. This means that there is existence of important legal relationship between directors and their companies. Fiduciary duties are not part of the statutory law; it is part of the common law duties. In a situation where there is conflict of interests between the directors and the company, the director should choose for the interests of the company and not their personal interest. An additional duty to the fiduciary role of directors is not to disclose confidential i nformation of the company to outsiders[9]. This means that directors of the company should not disclose the information of the company to some other person who may be considered as competitors of the company. However, this may also mean that directors of the company should not use the confidential information of the company for their personal advantage or gain. A director of the company should be careful in this regard. As a director of the company, one may have many corporate opportunities and functions. Hence, directors of the company should not exploit corporate opportunities[10]. Directors should avoid situations where there personal interest is in conflict with the interests of the companies. The common law duties of directors stay focused on the fiduciary duties. However, the Corporations Act, 2001 give a detailed description of the statutory duties of the directors. Chapter 2D of the Corporations Act contains a detailed description of the duties of the directors. The duties of the directors include duties of care and diligence, improper use of position and good faith. Other related provisions include duties regarding insolvency, financial benefit to the related parties and reporting of financial information[11]. Section 180 of the Act deals with duty of care and diligence, this duty was part of the common law duty and is reinforced as a statutory provision under section 180 of the Corporations Act, 2001. According to section 180 (1) of the Act, a director should act exercising his ordinary sense of care and diligence. Section 180 (2) of the Act imposes a duty on the director whereby he should make his judgment for a proper and justified purpose in favor of the company. According to section 181 of the Act, a director should act in good faith, meaning that the director should act in the best interests of the company and for a justified purpose[12]. A director of the company should not make improper use of the position of which he is given responsibility of. It was seen in many cases that directors of the companies misuse their power to obtain personal benefit from it and cause detriment to the interests of the companies. If directors are seen in engaging in such act that willfully causes detri ment to the interests of the company then he may be held liable for breach of section 182 of the Act. To gain advantage for themselves, a person who is a director should not use information of a corporation for their personal advantage thereby causing detriment to the company. This is contained in section 183 of the Act and a director who is seen engaging in such activities shall be held liable for breach of section 183 of the Act. Section 184 of the Act deals with criminal offences in which the directors of the company may be held liable. According to section 184 if the director of the company commits any offence which is reckless or dishonest in nature and as a result of such reckless activity the director failed to exercise his duties in good faith then he may be held liable for breaching section 184 of the Act. Additionally, if the director of the company uses their position with dishonest intention to gain personal advantage for themselves or others or if the director uses personal information of the company for his personal gain, then he may be held liable for criminal offences under section 184 of the Act. Part 5.7B of the Corporations Act, deals with the duty of the directors to avoid insolvent trading and the consequences of breach are explained in this section. According to section 588 (1) and 588 (2) of the Act, where a company incurs debt at the time when the company had become insolvent and the director of the company was aware of such a fact and despite of being aware of such a scenario he failed to prevent the company from trading, then the director may be held liable for breach of their duty. Section 191 to 195 imposes a liability on the director to disclose matter of personal interest to the company. It is the duty of the director to expose the nature and extent of dealing with the company. A proper disclosure should be made by the director to the company. Failure to do so may make the director liable for breach of his duty. Sections 209 till 210 deals with the financial benefits that are related to the public companies, this section requires shareholder approval in matters t hat are related to financial benefits. Contravention of this section shall lead to breach of section 208 of this Act and directors may be held liable in this context. Sections 285 till 318 deal financial reporting of the companies where the directors are to exercise their power with care and diligence. Failure to report the financial records correctly may make them liable for breach of this section. Other sections such as section 189, 190 and 198 D of the Corporations Act, 2001 imposes liability on the directors to act woth care and diligence on the information that is available to them of the company. In the case of ASIC v. Adler[13], the Court held the directors liable for breach of section 210 of the Act, wherein the directors did not take approval of the shareholder before dividing financial benefits. In the case of ASIC v. Rich[14], it was held that Chartered Accountants may be considered as directors of the companies depending on the responsibilities that he or she is given. In this case the Chartered Accountant was held liable for breach of his duty as a director. He was held liable under section 180 sub section1 of the Act. In the case of ASIC v. Vizard[15], Vizard was held liable for breach of section 183 of the Act. As per this section, a director should not use confidential information of the company for their personal advantage. In this case, Vizard was held liable for using confidential information for his personal benefit. Similarly in the case of ASIC v. Vines[16], Vines was held liable for breach of section 180 and sections 190 till 195 of the Corporation Act, 2001. Breach of section 184 and section 588G would attract would attract criminal liability and directors may have to face criminal proceedings for contravention of this section. Contravention of section 180 (1), 181, 182,183,588G (2) and 209 may make the directors liable for breach of civil liabilities. For breach of liabilities, the Court may impose penalty up to 200,000 dollars under section 1317G of the Act. Additionally, a director may also have to pay compensation to the company for the contravention of their duties and sometimes this may also result in disqualification from managing corporations. This is enumerated in section 206C of the Act. With this we may draw a conclusion that there are significant challenges that are to be faced to make the Corporations Law more effective and efficient. This may be achieved by balancing theory along with practical applications. Today we are at a stage of early development along with policy and research agenda. We have seen that much effort is been put into making new legislations for development of new strategies. However, much remains to be done in making sure that regulator and Courts focus on enforcing enforcement strategies in regard to the Corporations Act, 2001. References: ASIC v Adler 4 Others [2002] NSWSC 171; (2002) 41 ACSR 72 ASIC vStephen WilliamVizard[2005] FCA 1037 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Rich [2009] NSWSC 1229 Begum, Afroza. "Blending fairness and efficiency: An analysis of its desirability in the context of insider trading laws in Australia."Journal of Financial Crime20.2 (2013): 203-221. Bowley, R. N. "Federal Court declares multiple contraventions of fundraising and financial services laws in scheme targeting SMSF investors: ASIC v ActiveSuper [2015] FCA 342."Butterworths Corporation Law Bulletin(2015). Buss, William, and Emily Buss. "Escaping the American Blot-A Comparative Look at Federalism in Australia and the United States through the Lens of Family Law."Cornell Int'l LJ48 (2015): 105. Fisher, Douglas E. "The rule of law, the public interest and the management of natural resources in Australia."Environmental and Planning Law Journal31.3 (2014): 151-163. Florey, Katherine J. "State Law, US Power, Foreign Disputes: Understanding the Extraterritorial Effect of State Law in the Wake of Morrison v. National Australia Bank."Boston University Law Review92.2 (2012). Groves, Matthew, ed.Modern Administrative Law in Australia: Concepts and Context. Cambridge University Press, 2014. Hiller, Janine S. "The benefit corporation and corporate social responsibility."Journal of Business Ethics118.2 (2013): 287-301. Jain, M. P. "014_Reform of Administrative Law in Australia." (2015). Lokuwaduge, Chitra De Silva, and Anona Armstrong. "The impact of governance on the performance of the higher education sector in Australia."Educational Management Administration Leadership43.5 (2015): 811-827. Sheehy, Benedict. "Defining CSR: Problems and solutions."Journal of Business Ethics131.3 (2015): 625-648. Vann, Richard J. "Hybrid Entities in Australia: Resource Capital Fund III LP Case."Tax Treaty Case Law(2014).

The Use of Recycled Materials in Highway Construction an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

The Use of Recycled Materials in Highway Construction Introduction Today's world is faced with various emerging and challenging issues such as acceleration of world population which is increasingly facilitating the amounts and types of wastes generation during the production and consumption processes. There has been waste disposal crisis globally due to creation of non degradable or non decaying wastes, attributed to the growing consumer behavior. In response to this challenge, one of the solutions is the process of recycling the wastes into more useful products through research and innovation practices. Need essay sample on "The Use of Recycled Materials in Highway Construction" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This has brainstormed individuals, private organizations and highway agencies to develop and implement wastes application through analyzing the feasibility, performance, and environmental suitability of reuse of the wastes and more so in highway construction. Highway construction is an expansive project but use of waste products in this industry makes the undertaking a cost-effective process, thereby ensuring safe and economic use of waste materials (Horan, Gifford, 2001, 9). Commonly used recycled materials One of the waste materials widely used in highway construction is recycled plastics. Virgin polythene is used as an additive or component to asphalt concrete and asphalt cement additive. When sandwich bags and plastic trash are recycled, a recycled low density polyethylene resin is obtained that is used to manufacture both cement and concrete asphalts in form of pallets. Recycled plastic can also be used in the manufactured of Portland cement concrete through use of recycled high density polyethylene which replaces fine aggregate with light weight concrete. After application of these recycled plastics in the construction process, flexural toughness of the concrete increase, compressive strengths are maintained and impact resistance of the concrete improves generally. Guardrail, a product of recycled wood and plastics has been brought forth to replace block in construction of guardrail posts. This facility is cheaper compared to the use of conventional block materials. The end product is also of high quality because they increase resistance against damage and deterioration, thus achieving reduction in overall life cycle cost. Noise pollution has also emerged in the processes of production around the globe, causing health, brain and social problems. To evade this, noise walls made from recycled rubber and plastics have been developed. The shell of the wall is made of thermosetting, a byproduct of glass and polyester. The fill section of the wall is composed of ground, rubber tires and recycled plastics (Tibbets, 2002, 12). In the developed and industrialized nations, glass is one of the waste products released in high quantities. It is later recycled to cullet, a component in the glass manufacturing industry. In the construction field, glass can be used as an aggregate in the asphalt pavements or asphalt base courses which satisfactorily serve the normal conventional pavement functions. Glass cullet has been approved for characteristics such as permeability, gradation, compaction, durability, specific gravity, thermal conductivity, and their strength and workability as an aggregate in the construction processes. In addition, recycled glass is being used in the manufacture of glass beads which are used as traffic control devices (Tibbets, 2002, 14). According to Carpenter (2001, 19), "the combustion process is common and widely used in production and in the day to day activities. This happens mostly during coal combustion which releases wastes like fly ash, bottom ash and combined ash. Among other residues, ash is produced, especially when municipal solid wastes are burnt or depending on the type of coal burnt". This ash is characterized by different physical and chemical aspects of toxicity and leaching ability. When coal containing sulfur is burnt, sulfur dioxide is released. This calls for use of scrubbers to reduce the amount of sulfur dioxide used. Bottom ash or slag is larger with heavier particles that are found at the bottom of hopper after the combustion process, and complies with environmental standards of toxicity. Bottom ash has sufficient engineering properties and uses. It has been used as aggregate for light weight concrete, sandblasting abrasive and as an abrasive in pavement deicing products and materials. Combined ash is the product of mixing both fly and bottom ashes, which are placed in landfills. Depending on the type of plant and coal source, it physically includes gradation, specific gravity and loss on ignition. Combined ash is used as partial fine aggregate replacement in the asphalt concrete mixes. Fly ash contains higher percentage of heavy metals such as cadmium and lead, leachate and other acidic components. In highway construction, incinerator residue is used as a partial aggregate substitute in the asphalt concrete base course. The performance of the substitute is equal to the conventional asphalt pavements (Carpenter, 2001, 21). Ash can also be used in stabilized and unstabilized bases and sub-bases as an aggregate, because the original components are aluminium oxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide and silicon oxide. In the process of highway construction, coal fly ash can be used as mineral admixture to Portland cement concrete, road base stabilization, roller compacted concrete and soil stabilization. Ponded fly ash has also performed well as a component in stabilized aggregate base course. This kind of ash is first sluiced into a disposal pond. Tests have shown that this experimental mix outperforms conventional mix and the rutting rate is significantly lower. Results from the various applications show that cement-treated ash produce higher density and compressive strengths compared to conventional soil cement. Leaching tests upon cement-treated ash have shown compatible and accommodative levels of cadmium, lead and copper that meet legal drinking water specifications of various agencies (Foster, 2008, 13). Highway related applications show a wide use of crumb rubber modified asphalt, which has good performance and environmentally friendly. Recycled rubber tires in combination with recycled plastics are recently being employed in making of noise walls' lightweight fill, channel slope protection, sub grade insulation and as an additive to the Portland cement concrete pavement. Ground scrap tires are also used in manufacturing Portland cement concrete. This happens when scrap tires are processed by removing the loose steel and fibers, which are finally ground. The ground rubber then acts as a substitute for fine aggregate. However, when high amount of rubber is used, the flexural and compressive strengths decrease. Gravel surfaced roads in most times experience severe deterioration in seasons of spring thawing because of frost penetration from beneath. To counteract this scenario, tire chips have acted as effective insulation layers against the frost. Its performance has been approved by use of resistivity gauges, groundwater monitoring wells, weather station and thermocouples. Recycled tires can also be used to make blocks for constructing retaining walls and landscaping. Through recent technology, scrap tires can be converted into a form for making stakes or poles. The tires are split and flattened, rolled in a spiral fashion and finally form almost solid log of reinforced rubber material (Foster, 2008, 15). Carpet industries around the world also produce carpet waste fibers. These fiber wastes have been incorporated in the manufacture of alphalt pavements and Portland cement concrete. Recycled fibers obtained from old carpets can also be used for concrete reinforcement, when the fibers are mixed with concrete in standard drum mixer. Flexural and compressive strengths comparison between concrete free of fibers and concrete with a percentage of virgin polypropylene fibers indicate good appreciable effects markedly handle the issue of compressive strengths. The toughness indices indicate that the more the amount of carpet used, the higher the concretes energy absorption abilities. On this same field, waste nylon fibers can be used to reduce the level of plastic shrinkage cracking. This is performed when the fibers are packed in water soluble bags and latter added to fresh concrete in the time of mixing. There is no observed or suggested difference from the conventional concrete with reference to flexural and compressive strengths. Increased addition of nylon fibers into Portland cement concrete panels proportionately reduces the plastic shrinkage and heating. This is because when nylon fiber is used in construction and heating panels, the rate of radiation increases and thus helps in prevention of cracking. Recycled fibers have also been proved to be increase efficiency when used in dense graded asphalt mix and polymer modified. Tests made on these include resilient modulus test, indirect tensile strain, lottman stripping tests and indirect tensile stress. According to these tests, there is no appreciable deviation from the performance of commercially available fibers. In the real application, addition of asphalt is primarily required to coat the surface area of those fibers compared to the thickness of the fiber films (Allen, 1998, 10). Another waste known as roofing shingle waste can be used in the make of asphalt pavements. When they are added to dense graded mixes, they result to a reduction in optimum content of neat binder, develop and enhance the ability to densify under compaction, increasing the component of plastic strain in permanent deformation measurements. It also reduced cold tensile strengths, of which the impact was determined by the type of shingle waste and grade of asphalt cement. However addition of more roofing shingle wastes reduced the potentiality for thermal tracking. The same material can be used in stone matrix asphalt mixes, which results to an admirable content of neat binder content. Shingles are ground uniformly to resemble coffee grounds and then added to drum mix plant to undergo a recycling process for the construction of asphalt pavement. So far, no pavement construction performance has been reported or detected since the recycling process commissioned. Old roofing material is also applied when making asphalt cold patch, which lasts three months more than the conventional cold patch material (Allen, 1998, 22). Flue gas desulphurization waste is another common waste. In the highway construction network, it is used in stabilized road bases to act as an embankment and pavement material. It is trusted to make dry weight of great early strength and high sulfate resistant Portland cement. So far, there is no any evidence of physical deterioration associated with the use of the waste as waste embankment. According to current researches, some materials have been categorized to compose the best set of wastes to use in highway construction. Such materials include rubber tires, recycled plastics, roofing shingle wastes, glass, carpet fibers, municipal solid waste combustion ash, blast furnace, steel slags, coal ash byproducts, fly ash, FGD waste and bottom ash (Horan, Gifford, 2001, 11). In larger part of the world, there is an increasing concern on the public, federal government, state regulators and industries to explore, invent and develop the use of recycled materials in the highway environment. Although this is an historical process, it is still new in the developing countries. The use, management and regulation of recycled materials is usually jurisdictional, a role attached to state transport and environment agencies. Most of the by-product materials are generated in the transport sector, municipal sector, industrial sector and mining sector. The wastes released from the transport sector include reclaimed asphalt and Portland cement concrete pavements, street sweepings, dredge materials and excess fill. Materials from industrial sector include blast furnace slag, nonferrous slags (phosphate, copper, and zinc), steel slag, coal combustion residues (fly ash, boiler slag, bottom slag, and flue gas desulphurization wastes), kiln dusts (lime-kiln and cement), baghouse dusts (smelters and asphalt plants), slags and foundry sands. Materials from municipal sector include biosolids, scrap tires, waste glass, wood waste, roofing shingle scrap, wastewater sludge ash, petroleum contaminated soils, municipal solid waste combustor residues, demolition and construction debris. Materials from the mining sector include quarry waste, mill tailings and phosphogypsum. These materials are used to replace conventional ones in fabrication of highway appurtenances like guardrails, signs and bridges, used as substitutes for pavement structure, as supplementary and aggregates cementitious materials especially in asphalt and Portland cement concrete, stabilized base and subbase or granular, fill, landscaping materials and as substitute embankment (Tibbets, 2002, 16). Mining industry generates high amounts of by-product materials, inaccessibility of mining operations with respect to the major metropolitan zones where demand for highway construction is high and there exist deficiency. This fact limits the potentiality of using large amounts of these resources widely. Conclusion In conclusion, the world faces and will continue to face environmental conservation problems due to cultural, economic, social and political diversity. The aspect of cooperative advantage is driving environmental conditions far from the safe side because countries are utilizing the available resources ignoring chances of possible harm to the rest of the world. The changing consumer behaviors and competition is calling for hi-tech production means, thus employment of production means which are harmful to the atmosphere. The problem has not been the emissions, but the disposal mechanisms. Existing landfills are filling up. One solution to this mayhem is to develop and implement beneficial uses for the residues. Highway construction uses great amounts of diverse wastes. Emphasized use of residue byproducts in lieu of virgin materials relieves disposal burden and avail inexpensive and advantageous construction products. Most of the waste materials used in the highway construction have limited applications in other fields to an extend that only such constructions can utilize those particular wastes. Again, most of them are non degradable and non-decaying such that they are very harmful to the environment and accumulation of such can extend adverse impacts upon the lives of individuals (Carpenter, 2001, 27). Therefore, use of recycled materials in highway construction should be imposed and implemented by all nations to contain the wastes disposal crisis threatening the world. Work Cited Allen Hershkowitz. In Defense of Recycling. Social Research, Vol.65, 1998, pp.10, 22 Carpenter Titus. Environment, Construction and Sustainable Development- Vo.1. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 2001, pp.19, 21, 27 Foster Mark. Looking beyond the Highway: Dixie Roads and Culture. Journal of Southern History, Vol.74, 2008, pp.13, 15 Horan Thomas & Gifford Jonathan. New Dimensions in Infrastructure Evaluation: The Case of Non-Technical Issues in Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems. Policy Studies Journal, Vol.21, 2001, pp.9, 11 Tibbets John. Under Construction: Building a Safer Industry. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol.110, 2002, pp.12, 14, 16

Criminal Thinking Patterns Essay Example

Criminal Thinking Patterns Essay Example Criminal Thinking Patterns Paper Criminal Thinking Patterns Paper A) There are many theories which psychologists have found to help explain and understand criminal thinking patterns. The information Processing Approach or the rational choice theory proposes hat criminals think about their actions and do a cost and reward analysis. Van Den Haag suggests that there is no difference between the decision to become a dentist and the decision to commit rape or mugging. An individual weighs up the advantages of that course of action (money for example) and takes away the cost of achieving it (possibly going to jail or, in the case of becoming a dentist, many years of hard study). If the beliefs outweigh the cost regarding an action, the individual will engage in it. Rational choice theories strongly believe that individuals have free will over their decisions. The Cognitive Dysfunction theory suggests that criminals think in different ways. These criminals are said to commit crime because of thinking errors. Yolchelson et al identified categories for these thinking errors. The first is criminal thinking patterns, these are characterised by both fear and a need for power and control. The second is Automatic thinking errors; these include a lack of empathy and trust, failure to accept obligations and a secretive communication style. The last was Crime related thinking errors these include optimistic fantasising about specific criminal acts with no regard for deterrent factors. The atypical Moral Development theory suggests that criminals have lower levels of cognitive development. Kohlberg suggests that there are three stages of development on moral reasoning. The first is Pre-conventional; this is basic thinking and instinct. The second is Conventional, this means that you do accept things but do start to think of the consequences. The last is Post-conventional, this means that you fully understand and accept things but must follow your conscience. Psychologists have also found other factors associated with crime which has been classed as individual differences. Some criminals may have lack of empathy meaning that they do not understand others feelings in situations. Also Impulsivity is recognised as a factor as criminals may act on impulses, rather than thinking through their actions. Another theory based on other factors is the Attributation theory, this is where the criminal describes the crime as a motive for example, they spilled their drink on me deliberately so I hit them, where as the case may be that it was accidental. B) There are many evaluative issues regarding the theories on criminal thinking patterns. The strengths of rational choice theory are that it strongly believes that the individuals have free will and that it is supported by the work of Van Den Haag (1982). The criticism of the theory is that not all criminal decisions are rational this is supported by Crawford et al. Also, the theory does not take into account the mind of the criminal as if the criminal is intoxicated or suffering from a mental disorder they may not be thinking rationally. The theory also presumes that the criminal will have accurate information to do the cost award analysis, for example criminals may not know the true sentence length for a crime. The theory suggests that all criminals do the same cost reward analysis for crimes but more experienced criminals will have a different perception of the cost and rewards than someone less experienced. Although the theory has been supported by Van Den Haag there are many cr iticisms. The strengths of the Cognitive Dysfunction theories is that the theory is supported by Yolchelson and Samehow who found that non criminals were more intelligent than criminals and that criminals chose to do crimes due to thinking errors. Although the study is supported by Yolchelson and Samehow, Wulach (98) suggests that they only describe psychopaths and so their theory cannot be regarded as a general theory of crime. The strength of Atypical Moral Development theory is that within their study the stories were directly translated in other countries so a better generalisation can be made to the population. The theory also explains moral reasoning. Within the study the answers were based on a story, not in real life. This lowers the ecological validity and also increases demand characteristics as participants are likely to give socially desirable answers. The sample used consisted of males and so cannot be generalised to females. Another criticism of the theory is that morals are not genetic, but the result of socialisation so there will be differences between sexes. In evaluation of the other factors associated with crime, a strength is that the theories explain behaviour in more detail in specific points e.g.-motives. Also, it takes into more factors than the other theories on criminal thinking patterns. This theory has also introduced cognitive restructuring to therapy techniques. A criticism of the theory is that it does not take into account biological and social explanations. C) In terms of criminal thinking patterns there are many ways in which psychologists would explain the occurrence of a crime. Using the rational choice theory psychologists suggest that a criminal would complete a cost reward analysis. Using the example of armed robbery, the criminal would create a mental list of the costs of the crime i.e. being caught, jail sentence, injury etc. They would also create a mental list of the rewards of the crime i.e. money, power, control etc. They would then weigh up the cost and rewards and if there were more rewards than costs they would choose to commit the crime. Another way in which psychologist could explain criminal thinking patterns of crimes is by using cognitive dysfunction theory. This theory suggests that criminals think in different ways and have thinking errors. Using the example of armed robbery, the criminal may suffer from automatic thinking errors meaning that they have a lack of empathy and trust, failure to accept obligations and responsibilities and a secretive communication style. This could mean that the criminal chose to commit the crime because he had a lack of empathy and so did not understand what the victims would feel. Also they may have failure to accept obligations and may feel that they do not need to work.

Viual Aid and Gantt Chart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Viual Aid and Gantt Chart - Essay Example For large organization, the focu i uually on improving the maintenance activitie uch that minimum amount of fund are expended (Anily et al., 1999; Alfare, 1999; Burke and mith, 1999a, b). The high cot of breakdown maintenance could be unbearable uch that the need for preventive maintenance become obviou. The afety of equipment and employee i improved by preventive maintenance ervice. Thi ha ignificant impact on the production proce. Reaching maximum plant availability through minimal delay and breakdown and optimal equipment working condition reduce or eliminate the need for ubcontracting ome apect of the job (Chen and Liao, 2005; Cheung et al., 2005). Thi ha a reducing effect on the uually large maintenance budget of many organization. Maintenance cheduling i uually baed on preventive maintenance activitie (Oke, 2004). In an organization where a large number of equipment are operated, preventive maintenance cheduling offer a mean of achieving continuou indutrial operation without which ytem utenance would be extremely difficult. ince the cot of implementing preventive maintenance cheduling i more economical than that of replacing broken down equipment, in the long t erm, it i more economical to implement thi maintenance option. ound maintenance cheduling i indipenable for high maintenance performance, which in turn facilitate the production proce to yield maximum output. Thi i attained when preventive maintenance upport continuou improvement programme. Effective maintenance cheduling require pecific time and labour allocation, knowledge of equipment hitory, pare availability, knowledge of work and facility priority rating, job pecification, etc. Maintenance cheduling promote effective utilization of both maintenance and production team, notably through minimizing idle time, breakdown and delay (Zhou et al., 2004; Gharbi and Kenne, 2005; Kim et al., 2005). For many year, extenive cientific documentation ha been made on cheduling both maintenance and operational activitie for profit (Yamayee et al., 1998). Recently, the focu of reearcher ha hifted from near optimal olution to the development of optimal olution approache. Thu, the recent work of Charle-Owaba (2002) i important in thi repect. The problem olved i the imultaneou cheduling of reource-contrained operation and maintenance (ee alo Oke and Charle-Owaba, 2005, 2006a, b). The current tudy i an extenion of the novel work of Charle-Owaba (2002). The remaining part of the paper i organized a follow: the next ection dicue the model formulation. Under thi ection, the notation ued in the model are dicued. In addition, the model aumption relevant to ea veel maintenance and operational activitie are explained. In thi ection, the algorithm governing the original model developed by Charle-Owaba (2002) i preented with detailed tep explained for it practical application. till in thi ection, the model framework i preented with mathematical equation upporting the original tructure preented by Charle-Owaba with ome extenion of the idea. Thee tep are preented in a logical manner peruaive enough for the reader to follow. In particular, the three-dimenional wave equation methodology i adopted. ection three dicue the cae tudy of a hipping company. Thi ection conider apect, which include the cae decription, ome variable affecting cot of hip maintenance and their mathematical repreentation,

Proceedings on the Impeachment of Richard Nixon Essay

Proceedings on the Impeachment of Richard Nixon - Essay Example tions to be considered in this study would be, Can the situation presented in the opening statement be considered as rhetoric with reference to the concept presented by Bitzer in his theory of rhetorical situation? Do the assumptions of the Neo-Aristotelian Criticism define the opening statement as rhetoric? On which grounds does it criticize the opening statement when illustrating it as a rhetoric situation? Thesis Statement The essay to the conducted henceforth intends to present a critical overview of a literature, i.e. the opening statement of Barbara Jordan presented to the House Judiciary committee in response to the impeachment related proceedings executed against the then President Mr. Richard Nixon. With this concern, the essay would attempt to utilize the assumptions presented by Bitzer in relation to the concept of rhetoric situation. Another theory that would be taken into account is the Neo-Aristotelian Criticism which shall assist in scientifically analyzing the opening statement. Justification of the Study Based on two of the most prominent theories, i.e. Bitzer’s rhetorical situation and the Neo-Aristotelian Criticism, the essay shall provide a comprehensive account of the literature selected as the opening statement of Barbara Jordan. With this concern, the study shall elaborate on the then political scenario with the intention to learn the background, influenced by which, the opening statement was framed. Preview of the Topic During the impeachment of Richard Nixon, Congresswoman Barbara Jordan gave an opening statement in the House of Judiciary Committee in order to criticize the proceedings taken by the ministry concerning the conspiracy related with the Watergate Scandal. Barbara Jordan, through her speech, intended to criticize the impeachment... The essay to the conducted henceforth intends to present a critical overview of a literature, i.e. the opening statement of Barbara Jordan presented to the House Judiciary committee in response to the impeachment related proceedings executed against the then President Mr. Richard Nixon. With this concern, the essay would attempt to utilize the assumptions presented by Bitzer in relation to the concept of rhetoric situation. Another theory that would be taken into account is the Neo-Aristotelian Criticism which shall assist in scientifically analyzing the opening statement. Based on two of the most prominent theories, i.e. Bitzer’s rhetorical situation and the Neo-Aristotelian Criticism, the essay shall provide a comprehensive account of the literature selected as the opening statement of Barbara Jordan. With this concern, the study shall elaborate on the then political scenario with the intention to learn the background, influenced by which, the opening statement was framed. D uring the impeachment of Richard Nixon, Congresswoman Barbara Jordan gave an opening statement in the House of Judiciary Committee in order to criticize the proceedings taken by the ministry concerning the conspiracy related with the Watergate Scandal. Barbara Jordan, through her speech, intended to criticize the impeachment articles put forward during the investigation of Watergate conspiracy which was further observed to be misinterpreted as a verbal (written) declaration agreeing with the president’s removal.

Global warming, its scope and causes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global warming, its scope and causes - Essay Example Upon combustion, fossil fuels like coal and petroleum release green house gases like carbon dioxide. As the quantity of carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere, the atmosphere becomes a much better insulator and retains an increased amount of solar radiation which in turn increases the overall temperature of the planet. Many scientists believe that the release of carbon dioxide and certain other substances into the air are affecting the earth's climate and causing the average global temperature to rise. There is evidence that the earth's temperature has risen in the past century, but scientists are unable to predict with certainty whether this trend will continue or whether it is definitely linked to human activity. Global warming has many affects. As the temperature increases, there is a possibility of melting of polar glaciers and ice caps. The resulting water would flow into the oceans and increase the volume of the oceans. This would lead to rise of ocean levels. Scientists estimate that the sea level could rise from any where between 9 to 88 centimeters (Hart 2003). Such an increase would submerge low lying coastal areas in many countries of the world. Global warming also affects human health. If the atmospheric temperature is increased due to global warming, more people will get sick or die from heat stress. This may be more due warmer nights, giving the sufferers less relief than due to heat during the day time. There is also a possibility of diseases spreading to new regions. Diseases now found in the tropics, transmitted by mosquitoes and other animal hosts, will widen their range as these animal hosts move into regions formerly too cold for them. Today 45 percent of the world's people live where they might get bitten by a mosquito carrying the parasite that causes malaria; that percentage may increase to 60 percent if temperatures rise (Mastrandrea and Shneider 2003). Other tropical diseases may spread similarly, including dengue fever, yellow fever, and encephalitis. Scientists also predict rising incidence of allergies and respiratory diseases as warmer air grows more charged with pollutants, mold spores, and pollens. Heat stress Heat stress or heat prostration is a condition that is produced by over exertion in hot temperatures. It occurs when the person is subjected to high temperatures or extreme hot dryness. When the body undergoes physical exertion, it perspires which produces sweat. The sweat evaporates to cool the skin and prevents body temperature from rising. Perspiration causes the loss of fluids and salts normally replaced by regularly consuming liquids and food. However, if prolonged, excessive sweating occurs, fluids and salts are not replaced rapidly enough resulting in increase in the viscosity of blood. This causes blood circulation to diminish, affecting the brain, heart, and lungs, and heat exhaustion results. Symptoms of heat exhaustion include heavy sweating; pale, clammy skin; dilated pupils; a slightly elevated body temperature; and cramps, weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, headache, mental confusion, and sometimes unconsciousness. Heat stress and global warming Incidence of heat stress increases with temperature. Hence the number of cases of incidence of heat stress tends to increase in the very near future due to rise in temperatures

Development Of An Automatic Class Scheduler

Development Of An Automatic Class Scheduler Regarding the rapid growth of the number of students and the increasing number of courses offered in school, colleges and institution, the task of scheduling classes to fit into timetables and into existing facilities is becoming much more complicated. At the present time, class scheduling not only needs to fit the courses offered but also has to be performed based on many factors, such as availability and capacity of the room, cost occurred when the rooms are engaged by any courses, losses occurred when the rooms are left out, etc. Class Scheduler is an easy to use single or multi-user application for scheduling students classes. The software is ideal for schools, colleges and other institutions that must create class schedules. Class Scheduler can be used by a single teacher or by a group of students to schedule classes. The idea behind Class Scheduler is to increase the productivity of classroom administrators by automating the class scheduling process by automatically setting up course times and assigning rooms and instructors. We can view course schedule, student schedule, instructor schedule and classroom schedule online. We can also resolve clashes without effort, and preferences of staff and students action with ease and serves a clash-free and error-free timetable. It also saves time and labour. 2. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY Timetable creation for has always been an error-prone task, normally resulting in multiple iterations of creation and proof-reading. Changes desired by teaching staff, changes of course locations etc. also require an adaptation of the previously created timetables. Traditional approach to generation of timetable had great difficulties due to large search space which were created as a result of number of variables that need to be considered in such problems. Hence the objective of this project is to automatically generate time tables for the betterment of the teaching staff students. PROBLEM STATEMENT The manual system of preparing Time Table in colleges with large number of students is very time consuming and usually ends up with various class clashes either at same time or with same teacher, having more than one class at a time. These are just due to common human error which are very difficult to prevent in processes as these. To overcome these problem people usually end up making injudicious use of classrooms and labs. To overcome all these problems we propose to make an automated system. INTRODUCTION CLASS SCHEDULER is the online timetable generator for schools, colleges and any other institutions that must create class schedules. CLASS SCHEDULER offers functionality for generating timetables (for students or teachers) as well as overview timetables, i.e. all courses in a certain semester for any given degree. This study is expected to solve those problems and improve the qualitative aspects of generating schedules as follows: Shortening the time in establishing the timetables with computer assistance and better information. Easing the procedure of establishing the timetables Establishing the timetables according to maximize facilities utilization and instructors preferences. Developing an interactive computer link to facilitate data output and the interpretation of the results. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM The project aims at developing an automated Time Table generator. The system will take various inputs like details of student, subjects, classrooms and teachers available. Depending upon these inputs it will generate a possible Time Table. Making optimal utilization of all the resources such as rooms and labs and distributing classes in a way that will best suit any of constraints or college rules. List of subjects may include elective as well as core subjects. Features: Simple Data Entry: It is quick and easy to enter information of all subjects, years (FE, SE, TE, BE), courses ( computer science, extc, bio-medical), Rooms and teachers. Automatic generation: In few minutes, the program generates a complete timetable that fulfills all your requirements. The program follows all organizational requirements such as selection for number of working days of the week, zero (attendance) period insertion. Subjects could be entered considering subject in which classroom, single or double duration consecutively, periods per week per subject. Periods could be entered with considerations of maximum number of consecutive periods per teacher. Teachers could be placed with considerations such as class should not be assigned when teacher is not free i.e ABC teacher should not be given any class on Monday. XYZ teacher should not get 1st and 2 period on all days etc. Also considering teachers getting x number of maximum periods, minimum/maximum periods per day, limit number of consecutive periods. Automatic Reports for Printing, Website: Reports for website could be generated for the following: Summary timetable for classes Summary timetable for teachers Summary timetable for rooms year wise time table Teacher wise time table All classes assigned to a teacher ( no. of periods per week bifurcations) Total number of periods subject wise Checking of total Working Hours per week details for the teachers PROCESS FLOWS ER-DIAGRAM DATA FLOW DIAGRAM Context Level Diagram Level 1 DFD CLASS SCHEDULER is a system in which automatic timetable is generated by considering various constraints in the system. It also provides the login facility. System takes the required data provided by class coordinator and performs function to generate time table. A professor logs in and can view the required time table. Professor can request for modification which is forwarded to system by coordinator system generates the alternate timetable, coordinator views the generated timetable and accepts or rejects the modification. If modification is accepted then the received timetable is stored in database. If the request is rejected then it is informed to requestor that request cannot be processed. This all activities are shown in the data flow diagram (Level 0) also called as context free diagram. Level 2 DFD INPUTS: It takes various input required by system that are professor information and various data required about that professor. It also takes input of subjects and the relevant information required. The classroom and lab information are also provided. This all data are provided by coordinator. GENERATION OF TIMETABLE: It takes the information provided by the coordinator and consider the various constraints provided. It generate professor schedule and the respective schedule is entered in the class schedule, while generating the schedule it also checks that no timeslot redundancy occur i.e; no single slot is allotted to a two or more professor. Two type of timetable is generated: class wise and professor wise, this both timetable are stored in database by this process. This stored timetable is used as and when required by the users. DISPLAY TIMETABLE Whenever user login the system it provides various option of displaying timetable. User select the required options , the request is then analyzed by the system and in accordance to the request made the required timetable is displayed. The system provides the online view of timetable. MODIFICATION After the time table is generated the provision is made to view them in various options , timetable is displayed as per the user requirement. The professor views the timetable and if required he/she request for modification. This modification request is forwarded manually to the coordinator which in turn is forwarded to the system. The system then generates the alternate timetable .this alternate timetable is then viewed by the coordinator. He then decides whether the change is propagated or the request cannot be considered. If request is not considered then it informs the requestor about it. STRUCTURE CHART DIAGRAM USE CASE DIAGRAM Display timetable Login Generate timetable Modify timetable Professor student coordinator Use cases involved in the system are: LOGIN: User logs in the system by entering user name and password. If user name or password is invalid, the system display error message. GENERATE TIMETABLE: The system generates the timetable according to the input data provided to it by considering different constraints. MODIFY TIMETABLE: The system takes the request from user and generates new timetable. DISPLAY TIMETABLE: The system displays the timetable in a format requested by the user. Actors involved in the system are: PROFESSOR: Professor views the timetable online which is generated by the system and if it is inconvenient for professor then he/she requests for modification in timetable. STUDENT: Students view and follow the timetable generated by the system. CO-ORDINATOR: It is an actor who is responsible for managing the system. 1 UC1 Login Brief Description UC1.1 This use case helps user to login to the system. Flow of Events Basic Flow UC1.2 To login in to the system: system asks the user to enter his/her login id password The user enters his/her login id password The system validates the id the password System displays the Homepage of the college Alternative Flows UC1.3 If id is wrong System displays message wrong Id UC1.4 If password is wrong System displays message wrong password Special Requirements UC1.5 At least one character must be an alphabet Preconditions UC1.6 User must be registered Post Conditions System displays the Homepage of the college 1Generate Timetable Generate Timetable UC1 Brief Description UC1.1 This use case helps coordinator to generate timetable Flow of Events Basic Flow 11111111111111111111111111111111kkkkk1. Coordinator logs in 2. System asks for input data 3. Coordinator enters data 4. System generates timetable Alternative Flows UC1.3 Incorrect data entry System cannot generate timetable, displays error message UC1.4 Insufficient availability of rooms and labs. System generates incomplete timetable, displays warning statement Special Requirements UC1.5 Professor should be available for all time slots Preconditions UC1.6 At least one professor should be assigned to a subject Post Conditions Provide various option of displaying the timetable 1Modify Timetable Modify Timetable UC1 Brief Description UC1.1 This use case helps System to modify the timetable according to feedback provided by the professor Flow of Events Basic Flow 11111111111111111111111111111111kkkkk1. Professor request for change of timings for his lectures 2. Coordinator feeds the request 3. System generates new timetable and requests Coordinator for updating 4. Coordinator approves the modified timetable 5. System revises the timetable Alternative Flows UC1.3 Coordinator rejects the modified timetable Original timetable is retained Preconditions UC1.6 Professors request should be within college time slots Post Conditions Revised timetable should be displayed 1Display Timetable Display Timetable UC1 Brief Description UC1.1 This use case helps System to display the revised timetable in various formats Flow of Events Basic Flow 11111111111111111111111111111111kkkkk1. User logs in 2. System provides option for selecting different formats of timetable 3. User selects the required option 4. System displays the timetable in requested format Alternative Flows UC1.3 Login is incorrect If login is incorrect, system displays invalid login UU Preconditions UC1.6 Timetable should exist 7. CONCLUSION This study has examined the possibility of implementing the concept of assignment of lectures for the class scheduling process. The advantage of this system is that it would be able to applied not only to similar scheduling problems and be extended to various types of problem sharing the same concept. The model has to be able to reduce the number of activities in the scheduling process.

hesitant hamlet :: essays research papers

Hesitant Hamlet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout the play, Hamlet is shown not acting quickly in crucial situations, which brings us to his tragic flaw, hesitancy. Hamlet, stopping to think situations through, lets opportunities slip right through his hands that will immensely affect so many people in the future. If Hamlet would just act on instinct, than hesitancy would never be an issue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unfortunately for Hamlet, in this play he does not have all the time in the world to get revenge towards Claudius. Early on in the play Hamlet sees the ghost of his father’s spirit and it beckons him to follow if he wishes to speak to it. Hamlet being encouraged not to follow by his comrades says, â€Å"It will not speak, then I will follow it† (Shakespeare 1.4). Almost without thinking Hamlet makes the decision to follow the ghost, this will later prove totally uncharacteristic of him. Thinking they can still convince him, his friends, Horatio and Marcellus, try once again to stop him only to hear, â€Å"Hold off your hands; my fate cries out; by heaven I’ll make a ghost of him that let’s me† (Shakespeare 1.4). Hamlet lets it be known here that he has made his mind up and anyone who tries to stop him, he will make a ghost out of, heaven willing. Hamlet does not show any signs of hesitancy here, but will soon allow it to get in h is way for at the wrong time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After meeting with the ghost, Hamlet is aware of his uncle Claudius being the one who murdered his father. Hamlet, longing to avenge his father’s death gets the perfect chance catching Claudius off guard while he is alone on his knees praying. Hamlet speaks saying, â€Å"Now might I do it pat, now he is praying. And now I’ll do’t. And so he goes to heaven. And so am I avenged† (Shakespeare 3.3). Hamlet does not act, leaving Claudius harmless while he is apparently repenting and talking to God. Hamlet wants to make sure Claudius dies and is on his way to the burning pits of hell instead of heaven. Unfortunately, moments later Claudius rises from his knees and quotes, â€Å"My words fly up, my thoughts remain below; words without thoughts never to heaven go† (Shakespeare 3.3). Claudius amazingly says it himself that his words are not sincere and they wont make it to heaven. Hamlet makes the biggest mistake of his life here, not taking advantage of the picture perfect moment to kill Claudius.

Medea Claim Essay

Made by Euripides, Jason is the antagonist of the story. His treatment of his ex-wife Made causes the tragedy of the story. As the plot line unfolds, we begin to connect Media's irrational actions with the way she is treated by Jason. Jason chose a new bride and abandoned Made, along with his two sons. The tutor said, â€Å"The father does not love his sons, but -his new wedding bed†(Euripides 16). Made isn't the only character realizing thatJason has completely forgotten about his family for his new wife. Season's actions were due to his selfish and self-centered attitude. Made lost all mental stability after she was left by the man she thought was the love of her life. Made says on her betrayal, â€Å"Woman, on the whole, is a timid thing: [ †¦ L but, wronged in love,there is no heart more murderous†(Euripides 31 This betrayal has unleashed a rage in her, that was never seen before. In attempt to frustrate Made, Jason refuses to let her bring their children with her when she is exiled.He fails to think about the repercussions of his actions, and jumps to blame everyone but himself. Media's life would be far from a tragedy if it weren't for Season's actions. As any woman would, Made seeks revenge on Season's repulsive actions. She says, â€Å"Now can unfold to you [Chorus] my whole design: there is nothing sweet in it, as you will SE' (Euripides 137). Jason definitely is to blame for the tragedy due to his treatment of Made.

The Rape and Murder of Sarah Goode

The Rape and Murder of Sarah Goode In the summer of 2014, petite, 21-year-old Long Island mother and medical technician Sarah P. Goode disappeared. Her partially decomposed body was found in a wooded area about a week later. The resulting autopsy and criminal investigation revealed Goode had been brutally raped and stabbed to death by a man whose sexual advances she had earlier rejected at a party.   Search for the Missing Mom On June 8, 2014, Goodes family called Suffolk County police Sunday to report her missing. She had not been seen for two days. The family began passing out fliers and neighbors pitched in to search. The next day, Goodes gray 1999 BMW was found parked in a wooded area in Medford, not far from the home Goode shared with her mother and 4-year-old daughter. Although the car had not been broken into, police said it was found under suspicious circumstances. Suffolk County Detective Michael Fitzharris would not comment on those circumstances, nor did he reveal whether or not Goodes personal belongings had been found in the car. This is a 21-year-old gainfully employed Long Island girl. Everyone has to have their vehicle out here, Fitzharris told reporters. For her family to not see her for a few days †¦ we take that very seriously. It was later learned that police had discovered clumps of hair and blood inside the vehicle. Using K-9 units, police swept the wooded area where Goodes car had been found. On June 12, 2014, almost a week after shed vanished, a group of searchers found her body in the woods within a mile of the site where  her  abandoned car had turned up the day after shed been reported missing.   Killer Charged   On July 12, 2014, Dante Taylor, a 19-year-old former Marine from Mastic, Long Island, whose advances Goode rejected at a party theyd both attended was arrested in connection with her murder. A bloody handprint in Goodes car and text messages between him and Goode on the night she went missing linked Taylor to the murder. Taylor was arrested but later released after it was learned that police had taken fingerprints, DNA, and cellphone evidence without probable cause and had questioned him without reading him his rights. He was arrested again a month later on unrelated charges in Vero Beach, Florida, and extradited for trial. Taylor was arraigned on murder charges in a Central Islip courtroom. As prosecutor Janet Albertson described the events surrounding Goodes death, about 50 of her family members were present in court, some responding to the horrific details in vocal anguish, others in verbal taunts. Goodes brother-in-law was removed from the courtroom. Albertson described the gory scene police found inside of Goodes blood-soaked car. She went on to present evidence that Taylor had brutally raped Goode and had subsequently beaten her so badly with a sharp metal object that a piece of metal had been found embedded in her skull. Goode had been stabbed more than 40 times. After she was dead, Taylor dumped Goodes body, nude from the waist down, in the woods. Police and Prosecutorial Misconduct Tarnish Conviction During the trial, the prosecution was sanctioned by state Supreme Court Justice John Collins for withholding evidence from the defense that included a series of Crime Stoppers tips pointing to other potential suspects. It was also learned that police destroyed a threatening message from a boyfriend with whom Goode had recently split up. Nevertheless, Taylor was found guilty of first- and second-degree murder, and attempted rape in the first degree in the death of Sarah Goode and sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Convicted Killer Dies in Prison On October 2017, the 22-year-old convicted killer was found dead at the Wende Correctional Facility near Buffalo, New York, where he was serving his life sentence. Goodes family responded to the news with a Facebook post, which read:   â€Å"The monster who so violently ended Sarah’s young life will no longer breathe another breath, will no longer see another day, will no longer have the privilege of living a life- something he made certain she could not do. Sarah’s beauty is eternal. Her laugh is unforgettable. Her memories are carved in the hearts of all whom she met.† However, Taylors trial attorney, John Lewis Jr., insisted that his clients conviction was a travesty and a perversion of justice, stating: â€Å"It’s a tragedy. His death is just another injustice in a string of injustices. I just hope someone is held accountable for his death. Now Suffolk County will not be held accountable for the injustices it committed in getting his conviction.† Sources Landau, Joel. Long Island Police Searching for Missing 21-Year-Old Mother of 4-Year-Old Girl. New York Daily News, June 9, 2014 Tracy, Thomas. Body Found in Long Island Woods Is the Missing Mom of 4-Year-Old Daughter. New York Daily News, June 13, 2014Nolan, Caitlin and Brown, Stephen Rex. Family of Murdered Long Island Mom Weep, Shout as Accused Killer Appears in Court.  New York Daily News, July 14, 2014Fuller, Nicole and Smith, Andrew. Dante Taylor, Convicted Killer, Dies in Prison, Officials Say. Newsday, October 9, 2017

Kantian Ethics Essay Sample

Kantian Ethics Essay Sample Kantian Ethics Essay Kantian ethics functions as the most feasible especially in the definition of individual duty in ethical situations. Kant’s ideas are considered vague and rigid, but they function efficiently and with ease in most situations. Exceptions exist but their strengths are diminished when individuals focus on actual situations, their expectations and how people handle them. Despite these exceptions, the description given by Kant of the conversion of maxims into universal laws are used as a guide to systems regarding morality and ethics. The most beautiful thing about Kantian ethics is the fact that it bases its arguments on an individual. A person can, therefore, decide whether their actions are worth being done to others by determining if they would be pleased if the action was done to them. Unlike the utilitarian point of view, Kantian ethics focuses on an individual and not on the needs of the group. These point of view not only applies to people but also animals as they are considered as human beings. Kant’s theory is hardly acknowledged by some societal groups or collective groups and thus can only be applied in a situation where peace, tolerance, and understanding have prevailed for long periods of time. Kant believes that one does not require to know the expected results for an action to judge it on moral grounds. This is because moral rules can be known on the basis. All human beings face the challenge of having to accept the inevitability of being confronted with situations that test their character and morality unwillingly. Kantian ethics, therefore, is based on the concept of universalization where Kant describes a maxim and tests if it is morally acceptable for one person to act in that manner. Also, it can be checked by seeing if it would be morally permissible for all individuals to act similarly. Kantian ethics concludes that an action can only be morally permissible in one instance if it is universally acceptable in all the other cases. Most individuals follow their intuition when they face a moral conflict as they become introspective, hoping that their intuition guides them to make a morally right decision. However, nobody is sure if they have acted ethically in such situations and thus Kant believes that the primary thing that can guide us to making morally correct decisions is the goodwill. The good will is good in itself and thus is not considered good from what it impacts or accomplishes. Kantian ethics asserts that a good will acts by the maxim of engaging in the right things as it’s the only right thing to be done. An action’s moral worth can only be examined by determining whether or not the action was conducted concerning the moral laws. Kantian ethics argues that a moral action does not base on inclination, feelings or possibilities of positive outcomes or rewards. It bases on sense, for instance, this is what I or we ought to do. Offering an old person a seat in a vehicle, for example, can only be morally correct if you do it out of a sense of duty and not to impress anyone. The motive is, therefore, a vital fact in Kantian ethics, and it is even possible for an action to yield negative results despite being a moral act. The article focus on the concept of moral responsibility and duty as the primary characteristic of the moral consciousness that serves as the foundation for the deontological initiative. Most people wonder if morality is something that can be discovered. Maybe if all of us accept integrity with our own experiences, then our view and ideologies would be similar. Therefore, Kant’s arguments on morality and decision making must be a priority. Kantian ethics creates a modern approach to the way individuals hold their ethical standards in the contemporary world. Kant’s view assumes that the concept of morality majorly basses on absolute directives which might not apply to the modern world which is not so clear. From this essay, it is evident that there exist flaws that an individual should still look into the consequences, especially when thinking ethically and morally.

MULTICULTURAL BUSSINESS MANAGEMENT & Global leadership Essay

MULTICULTURAL BUSSINESS MANAGEMENT & Global leadership - Essay Example ome decided to outource jut certain part of their organization. The telecommunication indutry wa advancing, but Global Communication wa being left behind. I have created thi analyi to how the problem and potential olution Global Communication ha dealt with along with the ethical dilemma faced by the takeholder and the end tate viion of the company. My paper will include the comprehenive gap analyi for Global Communication; what i going with them at thi point in time and where the company i trying to be, regaining the reputation of being one of the larget, progreing global tool throughout the telecommunication indutry. Global Communication uffer from the tre of the indutrie and trying to maintain competition while oberving their tock price falling. The tockholder are preuring Global Communication to correct the problem, along with coming up with new innovative way to keep the conumer wanting to do buine with Global Communication. Thi analyi i deigned to how optional olution to Global Communication preent tribulation, rik management for the uggete d alternative olution, the optimal olution and finally the implementation plan to deal with the problem. ituation Analyi Iue and Opportunity Identification everal iue are acknowledged for Global Communication throughout the ituation. ... Competition i one of the reaon why Global Communication tock ha falling o dratically. Another iue Global Communication faced i the uproar of the employee and union worker becaue of the layoff that are planned. Global Communication leaderhip team came up with thi ingeniou plan to of moving ome of the technical call center to India and Ireland which hould reduce unit cot for handling call by nearly 40%. Although the move will ave Global Communication money, they did not think about the ending cot in human capital. In addition to the other iue provided, Global Communication i having communication problem within. Global Communication i an organization that i conidered one of the bet for taking care of the employee need to make ure they at leat addre all the iue. "By improving deciion making, knowledge management, employee need and coordination; company can progre and retain the name in the communication indutry. Workplace communication ha a ignificant effect on organizational performance (Mchane & Glinow, 205). "Firt organization depend on the ability of people to coordinate their individual work effort toward a common goal (Mchane & Glinow, 25). Global Communication i faced with economic iue in which the leaderhip team i trying to apply trategic planning to retructure the company and make it properou again. Although they have trategically planned a olution, the leaderhip team i having difficultie conveying the new plan to the employee. Local, long ditance and international market are all competing for the ame buine. New calling feature and uite of local and long ditance ervice helped, but the indutry uffered a huge blow at the hand of the cable companie, who tepped in to provide complete olution

Treatment of Unipolar Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Treatment of Unipolar Depression - Essay Example Overall, 5-HTP appeared to be slightly better tolerated than fluvoxamine, although the results did not reach the level of statistical significance. What personal interests and/or short or long term goals lie behind this - not strictly required for a proposal but it is usually helpful to think this through as it can help you focus [one paragraph] What aspect(s) of theory / knowledge is/are behind this What are the gaps in the research or what parallels are there in adjacent fields (ie a short literature review to set up the purpose and question) - 5-HTP has also been compared in a few studies with conventional tricyclic antidepressants (chloripramine and imipramine) - the most effective drugs for treating depression until the development of the SSRIs. The studies found 5-HTP to be at least as effective as these drugs in treating severe depression, while displaying fewer side effects. In severe cases, 5-HTP dosages as high as 1200 mg daily were used What objectives, steps, sub-questions, angles of inquiry or sections of your paper would you break your question or inquiry aim into - CCDANCTR-Studies was searched (carried out on 12/1/2005) using the following search stategy (Diagnosis = Depress* or Dysthymi* and Intervention = tryptophan or 5-htp or 5-hydroxtryptophan or Hydroxytryptophan and Intervention = Placebo). Reference lists, book chapters and conference proceedings were checked. Experts and triallists were contacted for unpublished studies Section B -Study design and method / methodology What type of study would help with your question and focus Please bold underline to identify It is OK to use "other" and briefly explain - but otherwise no explanation required here. You should read up on these if you don't know what they are, but we assume you know what the one you pick is) survey1 experiment evaluation trial case study reflective self-study academic paper2 other - please identify take advice Why / how will this design work with your question and focus - Trials were included if they were randomized, included patients with unipolar depression or dysthymia, compared preparations of 5-HTP or tryptophan with placebo, and included clinical outcomes assessed by scales assessing depressive symptoms take advice If you intend to use a particular methodology, briefly explain how it works and why you want to use it. - Eg - reflective self study, controlled trial, grounded theory, ethnography. This must be appropriate for the way you have worded your research question / inquiry. Please note that it is not essential that you have this for an undergraduate project. For an academic

Abraham Lincoln Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abraham Lincoln - Research Paper Example The article has also discussed about his role in binding both the North and the South and peace which has been brought due to his efforts. However, despite his mild and good-hearted character, his followers seem to be provoked on his death and efforts were made subsequently to change his character and his nature. For example, many attempted to make a pious and religious man despite the fact that he was not interested in being following religion the way people were following it. (Time) Article by Jon Swaine which appeared in Telegraph on Feb 11, 2011 suggested that till his last days, Lincoln wanted free black slaves to be shipped to British colonies. This article suggests that though Lincoln was an anti-slavery politician who took practical efforts to denounce slavery in the country and freed four million slaves in America however, was interested in idea of sending slaves to British colonies. The overall purpose of this idea was to disallow blacks to live among American whites. This therefore creates an impression that Lincoln was supporter of colonialism and relatively held racist views about blacks. This article attempts to challenge one of the key assumptions about Lincoln and his overall images which emerged over the period of time. (Swaine) The article â€Å"Lincoln Reconsidered† discusses about his time as a politician before and during civil war. This essay argues about the basic political philosophies of Lincoln and argues against the popular notion that Lincoln was an archetypal republican and a person who attempted to reconstruct the ideological differences between different groups within the country. Author therefore gives an entirely different version about the way he considers Lincoln as the republican or not. Author argues that it was not only Lincoln who was advocating against slavery and other ills of American society at that time but Newspapers as well as other Republicans were also voicing same concerns. (Holt) The above articles

Meaning of life Essay Example for Free

Meaning of life Essay Aristotle’s account of motion can be found in the Physics. By motion, Aristotle (384-322 BCE) understands any kind of change. He defines motion as the actuality of a potentiality. Initially, Aristotle’s definition seems to involve a contradiction. However, commentators on the works of Aristotle, such as St. Thomas Aquinas, maintain that this is the only way to define motion. In order to adequately understand Aristotle’s definition of motion it is necessary to understand what he means by actuality and potentiality. Aristotle uses the words energeia and entelechiainterchangeably to describe a kind of action. A linguistic analysis shows that, by actuality, Aristotle means both energeia, which means being-at-work, and entelechia, which means being-at-an-end. These two words, although they have different meanings, function as synonyms in Aristotle’s scheme. For Aristotle, to be a thing in the world is to be at work, to belong to a particular species, to act for an end and to form material into enduring organized wholes. Actuality, for Aristotle, is therefore close in meaning to what it is to be alive, except it does not carry the implication of mortality. From the Middle Ages to modern times, commentators disagreed on the interpretation of Aristotle’s account of motion. An accurate rendering of Aristotle’s definition must include apparently inconsistent propositions: (a) that motion is rest, and (b) that a potentiality, which must be, if anything, a privation of actuality, is at the same time that actuality of which it is the lack. St. Thomas Aquinas was prepared to take these propositions seriously. St. Thomas observes that to say that something is in motion is just to say that it is both what it is already and something else that it is not yet. Accordingly, motion is the mode in which the future belongs to the present, it is the present absence of just those particular absent things which are about to be. St. Thomas thus resolves the apparent contradiction between potentiality and actuality in Aristotle’s definition of motion by arguing that in every motion actuality and potentiality are mixed or blended. St.Thomas’ interpretation of Aristotle’s definition of motion, however, is not free of difficulties. His interpretation seems to trivialize the meaning of entelechia. One implication of this interpretation is that whatever happens to be the case right now is an entelechia, as though something which is intrinsically unstable as the instantaneous position of an arrow in flight deserved to be described by the word which Aristotle everywhere else reserves for complex organized states which persist, which hold out in being against internal and external causes tending to destroy them. In the Metaphysics, however, Aristotle draws a distinction between two kinds of potentiality. On the one hand, there are latent or inactive potentialities. On the other hand, there are active or at-work potentialities. Accordingly, every motion is a complex whole, an enduring unity which organizes distinct parts. Things have being to the extent that they are or are part of determinate wholes, so that to be means to be something, and change has being because it always is or is part of some determinate potentiality, at work and manifest in the world as change.